Nano and Micro Diamond Formation in Nature

ISBN-13: 9783031432774 / Angielski / Miękka / 2023

Sergei Simakov;Vittorio Scribano;Nikolai Melnik

Opis

In this book, readers will gain a deep understanding of the distinct characteristics and intricate formation mechanisms behind each type of diamond.A standout feature of this book is its in-depth exploration of nanodiamonds, shedding light on their unique formation processes. The narrative is thoughtfully organized, covering four main categories of natural diamonds and their related formation processes: 1)Interstellar nanodiamond particles; 2) Nano- and microcrustal diamonds associated with coals, sediments, and metamorphic rocks; 3) Nanodiamonds and microdiamonds associated with secondary alterations of mafic and ultramafic rocks mainly in the oceanic lithosphere; 4) Mantle-derived diamonds associated with kimberlites and their xenoliths, such as peridotites and eclogites.With clarity and precision, this book caters to both researchers and students in the fields of mineralogy and mineral formation. This book serves as an invaluable resource, offering an all-encompassing perspective on diamond formation, appealing to those curious minds eager to delve into the captivating realm of these precious gems.

Spis treści

Introduction

Classification of diamonds according to their size – Methods of diamond synthesis – Synthetic nanodiamonds – Nanodiamonds and dimandoids – Occurrences of nanodiamonds in nature – Carbon nanoparticles other than diamond.

Chapter 1. Diamond thermodynamic stability: The influence of the crystal size

The diamond-graphite transition curve for macrosized carbon phases–  Relationship between the size of diamonds and their thermodynamic stability – Formation of diamond nucleus at HPHT– Stability of nanodiamonds in the C-H-O system – Relationships between interstellar diamonds and water – Distribution of the carbon isotopes in metastable diamonds formed  by a gas phase.

Chapter 2. Experimental data on nanocarbon formation at low P-T conditions

Hydrothermal nanodiamond synthesis: Detailed account on experiments conducted by Simakov et al. 2008 – Synthesis of fullerene-like phases from organicsat 700-750^o C and 5 kbar – Detailed account on experiments conducted by Simakov et al. 2001.

Chapter 3. Nano- and micro-diamonds formation in the Oceanic Lithosphere

Nanodiamond and organic compounds formation in serpentinite systems during secondary reactions of mafic rocks: the case study of  serpentinite xenoliths from Sicily (geological background;  Raman investigations; Origin of the organic matter and carbon particles; Processes of nanodiamond formation; abiotic organics with nanodiamond clusters as key model for prebiotic processes) – Micron-sized diamond formation in the Oceanic Lithosphere (Micron-sized diamonds in ophiolites: insights on their formation; Nano- and Micron-sized diamond formation in Hawaiian Salt Lake Crater xenoliths) – Carbonado genesis.

Chapter 4. Nanocarbon and microdiamond formation in the lithogenesis  and metamorphic processes

Carbon nanoparticles in coals and hydrocarbon bearing sediments: the nanodiamond perspective  –  Fullererne and fullerene-like phases formation in metamorphic processes –  Micron-sized diamond formation in metamorphic processes – World-wide metamorphic diamonds – Kokchetav diamond deposit – Kokchetav diamond-bearing crustal rocks: An overview – Mineralogical features of Kokchetav metamorphic diamonds – Processes of Kokchetav microdiamond  formation.

Chapter 5. Diamonds in kimberlites and their xenoliths: A reappraisal

An outlook on macrodiamond occurrences in kimberlites and their xenoliths – Diamond inclusions – Diamond formation from fluids in the upper mantle – Diamond formation by postmagmatic processes of kimberlites – The genesis of the extra-large type IIa diamonds.

Conclusions

Although diamond is a typical high-pressure mineral formed in the subcontinental mantle, metastable nano- and micrometer-sized diamonds can form in various crustal environments, including the oceanic lithosphere.

O autorze

Dr. Simakov Sergei Kirillovich, a geologist and diamond expert, born on 22 August 1957 in Russia. He completed his education at the Geological Faculty of St. Petersburg University in 1979. Early in his career, from 1979 to 1997, he dedicated his efforts as a Scientist at the All Russia Geological Institute.

Dr Sergei Kirillovich pursued further academic excellence and earned his Ph.D. degree in 1990. Subsequently, from 1997 to 2008, he continued to contribute to the field of geology as part of the esteemed Department of Geology at St. Petersburg University, Russia. In 2013, he embarked on a new journey as the Director of LLC "Adamant," a distinguished role he has held up to the present day.