Nalluri and Featherstone's Civil Engineering Hydraulics: Essential Theory with Worked Examples

ISBN-13: 9781118915639 / Angielski / Miękka / 2016 / 480 str.

Martin Marriott

Opis

An update of a classic textbook covering a core subject taught on most civil engineering courses. Civil Engineering Hydraulics, 6th edition contains substantial worked example sections with an online solutions manual. This classic text provides a succinct introduction to the theory of civil engineering hydraulics, together with a large number of worked examples and exercise problems. Each chapter contains theory sections and worked examples, followed by a list of recommended reading and references. There are further problems as a useful resource for students to tackle, and exercises to enable students to assess their understanding. The numerical answers to these are at the back of the book, and solutions are available to download from the book s companion website.

Spis treści

Preface to Sixth Edition x

About the Authors xiii

Symbols xiv

1 Properties of Fluids 1

1.1 Introduction 1

1.2 Engineering units 1

1.3 Mass density and specific weight 1

1.4 Relative density 2

1.5 Viscosity of fluids 2

1.6 Compressibility and elasticity of fluids 2

1.7 Vapour pressure of liquids 2

1.8 Surface tension and capillarity 3

Worked examples 3

References and recommended reading 5

Problems 5

2 Fluid Statics 6

2.1 Introduction 6

2.2 Pascal s law 6

2.3 Pressure variation with depth in a static incompressible fluid 7

2.4 Pressure measurement 8

2.5 Hydrostatic thrust on plane surfaces 10

2.6 Pressure diagrams 13

2.7 Hydrostatic thrust on curved surfaces 14

2.8 Hydrostatic buoyant thrust 16

2.9 Stability of floating bodies 16

2.10 Determination of metacentre 17

2.11 Periodic time of rolling (or oscillation) of a floating body 19

2.12 Liquid ballast and the effective metacentric height 19

2.13 Relative equilibrium 21

Worked examples 23

References and recommended reading 40

Problems 40

3 Fluid Flow Concepts and Measurements 45

3.1 Kinematics of fluids 45

3.2 Steady and unsteady flows 46

3.3 Uniform and non–uniform flows 46

3.4 Rotational and irrotational flows 47

3.5 One–, two– and three–dimensional flows 47

3.6 Streamtube and continuity equation 47

3.7 Accelerations of fluid particles 48

3.8 Two kinds of fluid flow 49

3.9 Dynamics of fluid flow 50

3.10 Energy equation for an ideal fluid flow 50

3.11 Modified energy equation for real fluid flows 52

3.12 Separation and cavitation in fluid flow 53

3.13 Impulse momentum equation 54

3.14 Energy losses in sudden transitions 55

3.15 Flow measurement through pipes 56

3.16 Flow measurement through orifices and mouthpieces 58

3.17 Flow measurement in channels 62

Worked examples 67

References and recommended reading 83

Problems 83

4 Flow of Incompressible Fluids in Pipelines 87

4.1 Resistance in circular pipelines flowing full 87

4.2 Resistance to flow in non–circular sections 92

4.3 Local losses 92

Worked examples 93

References and recommended reading 113

Problems 113

5 Pipe Network Analysis 116

5.1 Introduction 116

5.2 The head balance method ( loop method) 117

5.3 The quantity balance method ( nodal method) 118

5.4 The gradient method 120

Worked examples 122

References and recommended reading 139

Problems 140

6 Pump Pipeline System Analysis and Design 145

6.1 Introduction 145

6.2 Hydraulic gradient in pump pipeline systems 146

6.3 Multiple pump systems 147

6.4 Variable–speed pump operation 149

6.5 Suction lift limitations 149

Worked examples 150

References and recommended reading 164

Problems 164

7 Boundary Layers on Flat Plates and in Ducts 167

7.1 Introduction 167

7.2 The laminar boundary layer 167

7.3 The turbulent boundary layer 168

7.4 Combined drag due to both laminar and turbulent boundary layers 169

7.5 The displacement thickness 169

7.6 Boundary layers in turbulent pipe flow 170

7.7 The laminar sub–layer 172

Worked examples 174

References and recommended reading 181

Problems 181

8 Steady Flow in Open Channels 183

8.1 Introduction 183

8.2 Uniform flow resistance 184

8.3 Channels of composite roughness 185

8.4 Channels of compound section 186

8.5 Channel design 187

8.6 Uniform flow in part–full circular pipes 190

8.7 Steady, rapidly varied channel flow energy principles 191

8.8 The momentum equation and the hydraulic jump 192

8.9 Steady gradually varied open channel flow 194

8.10 Computations of gradually varied flow 195

8.11 The direct step method 195

8.12 The standard step method 196

8.13 Canal delivery problems 197

8.14 Culvert flow 198

8.15 Spatially varied flow in open channels 199

Worked examples 201

References and recommended reading 237

Problems 237

9 Dimensional Analysis, Similitude and Hydraulic Models 242

9.1 Introduction 242

9.2 Dimensional analysis 243

9.3 Physical significance of non–dimensional groups 243

9.4 The Buckingham theorem 244

9.5 Similitude and model studies 244

Worked examples 245

References and recommended reading 257

Problems 258

10 Ideal Fluid Flow and Curvilinear Flow 260

10.1 Ideal fluid flow 260

10.2 Streamlines, the stream function 260

10.3 Relationship between discharge and stream function 261

10.4 Circulation and the velocity potential function 262

10.5 Stream functions for basic flow patterns 262

10.6 Combinations of basic flow patterns 264

10.7 Pressure at points in the flow field 264

10.8 The use of flow nets and numerical methods 265

10.9 Curvilinear flow of real fluids 268

10.10 Free and forced vortices 269

Worked examples 269

References and recommended reading 280

Problems 280

11 Gradually Varied Unsteady Flow from Reservoirs 283

11.1 Discharge between reservoirs under varying head 283

11.2 Unsteady flow over a spillway 285

11.3 Flow establishment 286

Worked examples 287

References and recommended reading 296

Problems 296

12 Mass Oscillations and Pressure Transients in Pipelines 298

12.1 Mass oscillation in pipe systems surge chamber operation 298

12.2 Solution neglecting tunnel friction and throttle losses for sudden discharge stoppage 299

12.3 Solution including tunnel and surge chamber losses for sudden discharge stoppage 300

12.4 Finite difference methods in the solution of the surge chamber equations 301

12.5 Pressure transients in pipelines (waterhammer) 302

12.6 The basic differential equations of waterhammer 304

12.7 Solutions of the waterhammer equations 305

12.8 The Allievi equations 305

12.9 Alternative formulation 308

Worked examples 309

References and recomended reading 315

Problems 315

13 Unsteady Flow in Channels 316

13.1 Introduction 316

13.2 Gradually varied unsteady flow 316

13.3 Surges in open channels 317

13.4 The upstream positive surge 318

13.5 The downstream positive surge 319

13.6 Negative surge waves 320

13.7 The dam break 322

Worked examples 323

References and recommended reading 326

Problems 326

14 Uniform Flow in Loose–Boundary Channels 327

14.1 Introduction 327

14.2 Flow regimes 327

14.3 Incipient (threshold) motion 327

14.4 Resistance to flow in alluvial (loose–bed) channels 329

14.5 Velocity distributions in loose–boundary channels 331

14.6 Sediment transport 331

14.7 Bed load transport 332

14.8 Suspended load transport 334

14.9 Total load transport 337

14.10 Regime channel design 338

14.11 Rigid–bed channels with sediment transport 342

Worked examples 344

References and recommended reading 358

Problems 359

15 Hydraulic Structures 361

15.1 Introduction 361

15.2 Spillways 361

15.3 Energy dissipators and downstream scour protection 366

Worked examples 369

References and recommended reading 379

Problems 380

16 Environmental Hydraulics and Engineering Hydrology 382

16.1 Introduction 382

16.2 Analysis of gauged river flow data 382

16.3 River Thames discharge data 384

16.4 Flood alleviation, sustainability and environmental channels 385

16.5 Project appraisal 386

Worked examples 387

References and recommended reading 394

Problems 395

17 Introduction to Coastal Engineering

17.1 Introduction

17.2 Waves and wave theories

17.3 Wave processes

17.4 Wave set–down and set–up

17.5 Wave impact, run–up and overtopping

17.6 Tides, surges and mean sea level

17.7 Solitary and tsunami waves

Worked examples

References and recommended reading

Problems

Answers 397

Index 401

Blurb

Hydraulics underpins many topics in the water and environmental area of civil engineering.  Water engineers work to ensure that we have a sustainable water supply, developing ever more efficient means of collecting, storing and distributing water for domestic, industrial and irrigation purposes.  They also deal with drainage, sewerage, flood alleviation and coastal engineering.

 

This well–established textbook covers a core subject taught on most civil engineering courses. Expanded and revised by a syllabus expert who draws on wide experience in professional practice and university teaching of hydraulics, the new edition includes a new chapter on coastal engineering and has been updated to reflect current practice and course requirements.

Civil Engineering Hydraulics, 6^th edition contains substantial worked example sections with an online solutions manual. A strength of the book has always been in its presentation these exercises, distinguishing it from other books on hydraulics and enabling students to test their understanding of the theory and of the methods of analysis and design.

 

This classic text provides a succinct introduction to the theory of civil engineering hydraulics, together with a large number of worked examples and exercise problems. Each chapter contains theory sections and worked examples, followed by a list of recommended reading and references. There are further problems as a useful resource for students to tackle, and exercises to enable students to assess their understanding. The numerical answers to these are at the back of the book, and solutions are available to download from the publisher s website: www.wiley.com/go/marriott.

 

Civil Engineering Hydraulics will be invaluable throughout a student′s course from initial principles to more advanced applications. By focussing on the problems most commonly encountered in hydraulic engineering, it will also be welcomed by practising engineers as a concise reference.