Mycorrhizal Mediation of Soil: Fertility, Structure, and Carbon Storage

ISBN-13: 9780128043127 / Angielski / Miękka / 2016 / 526 str.

Nancy Collins Johnson; Catherine Gehring; Jan Jansa

Opis

Mycorrhizal Mediation of Soil: Fertility, Structure, and Carbon Storage offers a better understanding of mycorrhizal mediation that will help inform earth system models and subsequently improve the accuracy of global carbon model predictions. Mycorrhizas transport tremendous quantities of plant-derived carbon below ground and are increasingly recognized for their importance in the creation, structure, and function of soils. Different global carbon models vary widely in their predictions of the dynamics of the terrestrial carbon pool, ranging from a large sink to a large source. This edited book presents a unique synthesis of the influence of environmental change on mycorrhizas across a wide range of ecosystems, as well as a clear examination of new discoveries and challenges for the future, to inform land management practices that preserve or increase below ground carbon storage.

• Synthesizes the abundance of research on the influence of environmental change on mycorrhizas across a wide range of ecosystems from a variety of leading international researchers
• Focuses on the specific role of mycorrhizal fungi in soil processes, with an emphasis on soil development and carbon storage, including coverage of cutting-edge methods and perspectives
• Includes a chapter in each section on future avenues for further study

Spis treści

1. Mycorrhizas: At the Interface of Biological, Soil, and Earth Sciences

Section I. Mycorrhizal Mediation of Soil Development2. Mycorrhizal Symbioses and Pedogenesis Throughout Earth's History3. Role of Mycorrhizal Symbiosis in Mineral Weathering and Nutrient Mining from Soil Parent Material4. Mycorrhizal Interactions With Climate, Soil Parent Material, and Topography5. Mycorrhizas Across Successional Gradients

Section II. Mycorrhizal Mediation of Soil Fertility6. Introduction: Perspectives on Mycorrhizas and Soil Fertility7. Fungal and Plant Tools for the Uptake of Nutrients in Arbuscular Mycorrhizas: A Molecular View8. Accessibility of Inorganic and Organic Nutrients for Mycorrhizas9. Mycorrhizas as Nutrient and Energy Pumps of Soil Food Webs: Multitrophic Interactions and Feedbacks10. Implications of Past, Current, and Future Agricultural Practices for Mycorrhiza-Mediated Nutrient Flux11. Integrating Ectomycorrhizas Into Sustainable Management of Temperate Forests12. Mycorrhizal Mediation of Soil Fertility Amidst Nitrogen Eutrophication and Climate Change

Section III. Mycorrhizal Mediation of Soil Structure And Soil-Plant Water Relations13. Introduction: Mycorrhizas and Soil Structure, Moisture, and Salinity14. Mycorrhizas and Soil Aggregation15. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Soil Salinity16. Mycorrhizas, Drought, and Host-Plant Mortality17. Soil Water Retention and Availability as Influenced by Mycorrhizal Symbiosis: Consequences for Individual Plants, Communities, and Ecosystems18. Mycorrhizal Networks and Forest Resilience to Drought

Section IV. Mycorrhizal Mediation of Ecosystem Carbon Fluxes and Soil Carbon Storage19. Introduction: Mycorrhizas and the Carbon Cycle20. Carbon and Energy Sources of Mycorrhizal Fungi: Obligate Symbionts or Latent Saprotrophs?21. Magnitude, Dynamics, and Control of the Carbon Flow to Mycorrhizas22. Trading Carbon Between Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Their Hyphae-Associated Microbes23. Immobilization of Carbon in Mycorrhizal Mycelial Biomass and Secretions24. Mycorrhizal Interactions With Saprotrophs and Impact on Soil Carbon Storage25. Biochar-Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Interaction in Temperate Soils26. Integrating Mycorrhizas Into Global Scale Models: A Journey Toward Relevance in the Earth's Climate System

O autorze

Nancy Collins Johnson has been a professor of soil ecology at Northern Arizona University since 1997. She earned a PhD in Ecology and Plant Pathology from the University of Minnesota (with David Tilman) and a MS degree in Botany from the University of Wisconsin. Johnson and her students study interactions among communities of plants and soil organisms in natural and human managed ecosystems throughout the world. They have discovered that mycorrhizas and soil communities are sensitive to global change factors and they are seeking first principles to understand these responses. These studies are important because mycorrhizal symbioses influence plant community composition, soil stability, and belowground carbon storage. Professor Catherine Gehring works in the department of Biological Sciences and Merriam-Powell Center for Environmental Research at Northern Arizona University The Gehring Lab conducts research to understand the functioning of fungi in natural and managed systems. Of particular interest is how abiotic and biotic factors interact to affect the abundance and community composition of plant-associated fungi and how changes in these parameters then feedback to affect the performance of host plants. Current projects explore the influence of host plant genetics on fungal abundance and diversity; the impact of climate change on interactions among host plants, fungi, and insects; and the belowground mechanisms by which invasive plants may harm native plants. Jan Jansa studied biology at Charles University in Prague and agricultural sciences at ETH Zurich, where he also obtained PhD in 2002. He also worked at ETH Zurich and the University of Adelaide (with Sally E. Smith). Jansa currently leads the Laboratory of Fungal Biology at the Institute of Microbiology in Prague. His aim is the quantification of the involvement of mycorrhizal symbiosis in the turnover of soil organic matter, fluxes of mineral nutrients such as phosphorus and nitrogen from the soil to plants and carbon from the plants to the soil. Together with his team, he studies the exchange of mineral nutrients for carbon between the symbiotic partners under spatially and temporarily variable conditions, including light deprivation, using a suite of isotopic and molecular techniques