Municipal Solid Waste to Energy Conversion Processes: Economic, Technical, and Renewable Comparisons

ISBN-13: 9780470539675 / Angielski / Twarda / 2010 / 396 str.

Gary C. Young

Opis

A technical and economic review of emerging waste disposal technologies Intended for a wide audience ranging from engineers and academics to decision-makers in both the public and private sectors, Municipal Solid Waste to Energy Conversion Processes: Economic, Technical, and Renewable Comparisons reviews the current state of the solid waste disposal industry. It details how the proven plasma gasification technology can be used to manage Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) and to generate energy and revenues for local communities in an environmentally safe manner with essentially no wastes. Beginning with an introduction to pyrolysis/gasification and combustion technologies, the book provides many case studies on various waste-to-energy (WTE) technologies and creates an economic and technical baseline from which all current and emerging WTE technologies could be compared and evaluated. Topics include:

• Pyrolysis/gasification technology, the most suitable and economically viable approach for the management of wastes
• Combustion technology
• Other renewable energy resources including wind and hydroelectric energy
• Plasma economics
• Cash flows as a revenue source for waste solids-to-energy management
• Plant operations, with an independent case study of Eco-Valley plant in Utashinai, Japan

Extensive case studies of garbage to liquid fuels, wastes to electricity, and wastes to power ethanol plants illustrate how currently generated MSW and past wastes in landfills can be processed with proven plasma gasification technology to eliminate air and water pollution from landfills.

Recenzje

"This work details how currently generated municipal solid waste, as well as past wastes residing in landfills, can be processed into energy with plasma arc gasification technology. The book is written for wide audience, including engineers, academics, and policy makers in public and private sectors." ( Book News, September 2010)

Spis treści

Preface.

Professional Biography.

1 Introduction to Gasification / Pyrolysis and Combustion Technology(s).

Historical Background and Perspective.

Introduction.

What is Pyrolysis?

What is Pyrolysis/Gasification?

What is Conventional Gasification?

What is Plasma Arc Gasification?

What is Mass Burn (Incineration)?

Which Thermal Process Technology is the Most Efficient and Economical?

Performance/Thermal Efficiency of Technologies.

What is the Economic Comparison Between the Thermal Processes?

References.

2 How Can Plasma Arc Gasification Take Garbage to Electricity and a Case Study?

Basis.

Economic Cases.

Logical Approach for Future Progress.

References.

3 How Can Plasma Arc Gasification Take Garbage to Liquid Fuels and Case Studies?

MSW To Syngas to Liquid Fuels Via Chemistry (Fischer Tropsch Synthesis) and a Case Study.

Basis.

Economic Case.

Logical Approach for Future Progress.

MSW to Syngas to Liquid Fuel via Biochemistry and a Case Study.

Basis and Economics.

References.

4 Plasma Economics: Garbage/Wastes to Electricity, Case Study with Economy of Scale.

Conclusions and Recommendations (Opinions).

References.

5 Plasma Economics: Garbage/Wastes to Power Ethanol Plants and a Case Study.

Basis.

Economic Cases.

Logical Approach for Future Progress.

References.

6 From Curbside to Landfill: Cash Flows as a Revenue Source for Waste Solids–to–Energy Management.

References.

7 Plasma Economics: Garbage/Wastes to Power, Case Study with Economics of a 94 ton/day Facility.

More Recent Events About the Project.

References.

8 Plant Operations: Eco–Valley Plant in Utashinai, Japan: An Independent Case Study.

References.

9 Municipal Solid Waste and Properties.

What is Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) and How Much is Generated in the United States?

MSW Properties.

References.

10 MSW Processes to Energy with High–Value Products and Specialty By–Products.

Production of Ammonia (NH₃) from Syngas via Chemical Synthesis Route.

Production of Gas to Liquids from Syngas via Chemical Synthesis Route.

Production of Methanol (CH₃OH) from Syngas via Chemical Synthesis Route.

Production of Synthetic Natural Gas (SNG) from Syngas via Chemical Synthesis Route.

Production of Hydrogen (H₂) from Syngas via Chemical Synthesis Route(s).

Gasifier.

Air Separation Unit (ASU).

Hot Gas Cleanup System.

Sulfuric Acid Plant.

CO2–Rich Separated Gas Stream/Conventional Turbine Expander.

Production of Ethanol (CH₃CH₂OH) from Syngas via Chemical Synthesis Route.

Production of Ethanol and Methanol from Syngas using Fischer Tropsch Synthesis Process.

Production of Ethanol from Syngas via a Bio–Chemical Synthesis Route.

Production of Ethanol via a Combination of Chemical and Bio–Chemical Synthesis Routes Using Biomass (Cellulosic Material).

Oxosynthesis (Hydroformylation): Syngas and Olefinic Hydrocarbons and Chemical Synthesis.

Slag or Vitrified Slag or Ash from Gasification Reactor and Specialty By–Product Options.

Vitrified Slag, Slag, and Ashes: Research and Development (R&D), Marketing, and Sales.

Process for Resolving Problems with Ashes.

Production of Road Material from Slag and Vitrified Slag.

Production and Uses of Rock Wool, Stone Wool, and Mineral Wool.

Production of Aggregate.

Production of Flame–Resistant Foam.

Destruction of Asbestos Wastes via Vitrification.

Discussion of Potential Markets for the Vitrified Slag.

References.

11 MSW Gasifiers and Process Equipment.

Conventional Gasifiers/Gasification Reactors.

ChevronTexaco Entrained–Flow Gasifier.

E–Gas^TM Entrained–Flow Gasifier.

Shell Entrained–Flow Gasifier.

Lurgi Dry–Ash Gasifier and British Gas/Lurgi Gasifier.

Prenflo Entrained Bed Gasifier.

Noell Entrained Flow Gasifier.

High–Temperature Winkler Gasifier.

KRW Fluidized Bed Gasifier.

Plasma Arc Gasification Technology.

Alter Nrg Plasma Gasifier (Westinghouse Plasma Corporation) System.

EUROPLASMA, Plasma Arc System.

Phoenix Solutions Plasma Arc Torches, Phoenix Solutions Company (PSC).

PyroGenesis Plasma–Based Waste to Energy.

Integrated Environmental Technologies, LLC (InEnTec).

Other Gasification Technology.

Thermoselect Process by Interstate Waste Technologies.

Primenergy′s Gasification System at Moderate Temperatures.

Nexterra′s Gasification System at Moderate Temperatures.

Other Process Equipments.

Candle Filter.

Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA) Units.

Mercury Removal Systems.

Main Sulfur Removal Technologies.

Combustion Turbine for Syngas and Gas Engine for Syngas.

Siemens–Westinghouse Syngas Combustion Turbine for Syngas.

General Electric (GE) Combustion Turbine for Syngas.

GE Gas Engine for Syngas.

Noncontact Solids Flow Meter for Waste Solids (RayMas^® Meter).

References.

12 Other Renewable Energy Sources.

Wind Energy: Introduction.

Big Wind Systems to Energy.

Economic Example and Cases.

Discussion of Economics For the Large Wind Farm Cases.

Economy of Scale Associated With Wind Farms.

Small Wind Systems to Energy.

Discussion of Economics for the Small Wind Farm Cases.

Hydroelectric Energy: Introduction.

Hydroelectric Mill Dam: Nashua, Iowa.

Discussion of the Nashua Hydroelectric Economic Analyses.

Hydroelectric Mill Dam: Delhi, Iowa.

Discussion of the Delhi Hydroelectric Economic Analyses.

Hydroelectric Mill Dam: Fort Dodge, Iowa.

Discussion of the Fort Dodge Hydroelectric Economic Analyses.

Daily Flow and Production Methodology, Fort Dodge Mill Dam Hydroelectric Facility.

References.

13 Waste Energy to Recycled Energy.

Introduction.

References.

Index.

O autorze

Gary C. Young has over forty years of experience in processes involving the energy, food, agricultural, chemical, and pharmaceutical industries, with companies such as Conoco, Stauffer Chemical Company, Beatrice Foods Company, Monsanto Company, and Carus Chemical Company. He has done consulting in areas of research and development, troubleshooting plant operations and process bottlenecks, maintenance, engineering, and environmental challenges. Dr. Young is the founder and owner of Bio–Thermal–Energy, Inc. (B–T–E, Inc.).