Multiphase Reactor Engineering for Clean and Low-Carbon Energy Applications

ISBN-13: 9781118454695 / Angielski / Twarda / 2017 / 432 str.

Y. Cheng

Opis

Provides a comprehensive review on the brand-new development of several multiphase reactor techniques applied in energy-related processes

• Explains the fundamentals of multiphase reactors as well as the sophisticated applications
• Helps the reader to understand the key problems and solutions of clean coal conversion techniques
• Details the emerging processes for novel refining technology, clean coal conversion techniques, low-cost hydrogen productions and CO2 capture and storage
• Introduces current energy-related processes and links the basic principles of emerging processes to the features of multiphase reactors providing an overview of energy conversion in combination with multiphase reactor engineering
• Includes case studies of novel reactors to illustrate the special features of these reactors

Spis treści

Preface xiii

LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS xv

1 Novel Fluid Catalytic Cracking Processes 1
Jinsen Gao Chunming Xu Chunxi Lu Chaohe Yang Gang Wang Xingying Lan and Yongmin Zhang

1.1 FCC Process Description 1

1.2 Reaction Process Regulation for the Heavy Oil FCC 3

1.3 Advanced Riser Termination Devices for the FCC Processes 10

1.4 An MZCC FCC Process 19

1.5 Two ]Stage Riser Fluid Catalytic Cracking Process 28

1.6 FCC Gasoline Upgrading by Reducing Olefins Content Using SRFCC Process 36

1.7 FCC Process Perspectives 44

References 45

2 Coal Combustion 49
Guangxi Yue Junfu Lv and Hairui Yang

2.1 Fuel and Combustion Products 49

2.2 Device and Combustion Theory of Gaseous Fuels 52

2.3 Combustion Theory of Solid Fuel 53

2.4 Grate Firing of Coal 55

2.5 Coal Combustion in CFB Boiler 57

2.6 Pulverized Coal Combustion 60

References 63

3 Coal Gasification 65
Qiang Li and Jiansheng Zhang

3.1 Coal Water Slurry 65

3.2 The Theory of Coal Gasification 70

3.3 Fixed Bed Gasification of Coal 79

3.4 Fluid Bed Gasification of Coal 90

3.5 Entrained Flow Gasification of Coal 98

3.6 Introduction to the Numerical Simulation of Coal Gasification 112

References 116

4 New Development in Coal Pyrolysis Reactor 119
Guangwen Xu Xi Zeng Jiangze Han and Chuigang Fan

4.1 Introduction 119

4.2 Moving Bed with Internals 121

4.3 Solid Carrier FB Pyrolysis 129

4.4 Multistage Fluidized Bed Pyrolysis 139

4.5 Solid Carrier Downer Pyrolysis 145

4.6 Other Pyrolysis Reactors 149

4.7 Concluding Remarks 153

Acknowledgments 153

References 153

5 Coal Pyrolysis to Acetylene in Plasma Reactor 155
Binhang Yan and Yi Cheng

5.1 Introduction 155

5.2 Experimental Study of Coal Pyrolysis to Acetylene 159

5.3 Thermodynamic Analysis of Coal Pyrolysis to Acetylene 164

5.4 Computational Fluid Dynamics ]Assisted Process Analysis and Reactor Design 171

5.5 Conclusion and Outlook 183

References 186

6 Multiphase Flow Reactors for Methanol and Dimethyl Ether Production 189
Tiefeng Wang and Jinfu Wang

6.1 Introduction 189

6.2 Process Description 191

6.3 Reactor Selection 197

6.4 Industrial Design and Scale ]Up of Fixed Bed Reactor 200

6.5 Industrial Design and Scale ]Up of Slurry Bed Reactor 202

6.6 Demonstration of Slurry Reactors 213

6.7 Conclusions and Remarks 214

References 215

7 Fischer Tropsch Processes and Reactors 219
Li Weng and Zhuowu Men

7.1 Introduction to Fischer Tropsch Processes and Reactors 219

7.2 SBCR Transport Phenomena 222

7.3 SBCR Experiment Setup and Results 231

7.4 Modeling of SBCR for FT Synthesis Process 249

7.5 Reactor Scale ]Up and Engineering Design 259

References 263

8 Methanol to Lower Olefins and Methanol to Propylene 271
Yao Wang and Fei Wei

8.1 Background 271

8.2 Catalysts 272

8.3 Catalytic Reaction Mechanism 273

8.4 Features of the Catalytic Process 275

8.5 Multiphase Reactors 278

8.6 Industrial Development 286

References 292

9 Rector Technology for Methanol to Aromatics 295
Weizhong Qian and Fei Wei

9.1 Background and Development History 295

9.2 Chemistry Bases of MTA 298

9.3 Effect of Operating Conditions 300

9.4 Reactor Technology of MTA 304

9.5 Comparison of MTA Reaction Technology with FCC and MTO System 310

References 311

10 Natural Gas Conversion 313
Wisarn Yenjaichon Farzam Fotovat and John R. Grace

10.1 Introduction 313

10.2 Reforming Reactions 313

10.3 Sulfur and Chloride Removal 314

10.4 Catalysts 314

10.5 Chemical Kinetics 315

10.6 Fixed Bed Reforming Reactors 316

10.7 Shift Conversion Reactors 317

10.8 Pressure Swing Adsorption 317

10.9 Steam Reforming of Higher Hydrocarbons 318

10.10 Dry (Carbon Dioxide) Reforming 318

10.11 Partial Oxidation (POX) 320

10.12 Autothermal Reforming (ATR) 321

10.13 Tri ]Reforming 321

10.14 Other Efforts to Improve SMR 322

10.15 Conclusions 326

References 326

11 Multiphase Reactors for Biomass Processing and Thermochemical Conversions 331
Xiaotao T. Bi and Mohammad S. Masnadi

11.1 Introduction 331

11.2 Biomass Feedstock Preparation 332

11.3 Biomass Pyrolysis 336

11.4 Biomass Gasification 343

11.5 Biomass Combustion 359

11.6 Challenges of Multiphase Reactors for Biomass Processing 366

References 369

12 Chemical Looping Technology for Fossil Fuel Conversion with In Situ CO2 Control 377
Liang ]Shih Fan Andrew Tong and Liang Zeng

12.1 Introduction 377

12.2 Oxygen Carrier Material 381

12.3 Chemical Looping Reactor System Design 384

12.4 Chemical Looping Technology Platform 396

12.5 Conclusion 400

References 401

Index 405

O autorze

Yi Cheng is currently a Professor in the Department of Chemical Engineering at Tsinghua University. He has received several awards such as the first prize of Natural Science Award by the Ministry of Education of China and the first prize of Science and Technology Progress Award by China Petroleum and Chemical Industry Federation. He has written numerous articles and presented papers at many conferences.

Fei Wei is currently a Professor in the Department of Chemical Engineering at Tsinghua University. He has been the head of Fluidization Lab of Tsinghua University (FLOTU) for 20 years, and received several top–level national awards in China. He has written numerous articles, book chapters and book chapters and presented papers at many conferences.

Yong Jin is currently a Professor in the Department of Chemical Engineering at Tsinghua University and a Member of the Chinese Academy of Engineering. He has authored more than 300 published articles, numerous books and book chapters and presented papers at approximately 50 conferences.

Blurb

Provides a comprehensive review on the brand–new development of several multiphase reactor techniques applied in energy–related processes

Almost all of the fuels, chemicals, and materials used by modern society are produced through chemical transformations, where multiphase reactors play the core role in these industrial chemical transformations. Multiphase Reactor Engineering for Clean and Low–Carbon Energy Applications covers the applications of multiphase reactors in the energy–related processes, especially to the emerging processes of clean, highly efficient conversion of fossil fuels to chemical products.

The book provides a comprehensive review on the development and characteristics of conventional and non–conventional multiphase reactors, with topics on the state of the art of applications of multiphase reactors. Each chapter is led by a process description starting with the basic chemical reaction principles followed by the analysis of reactors for the appropriate reactor selection and concluding with industrial development of multiphase reactors. 

Multiphase Reactor Engineering for Clean and Low–Carbon Energy Applications features:

• Emerging processes for novel refining technology, clean coal conversion techniques, hydrogen production and CO2 capture and storage
• Current energy–related processes and links the basic principles of emerging processes to the features of multiphase reactors to provide an overview of energy conversion in combination with multiphase reactor engineering
• Case studies of novel reactors with illustration of the special features of these reactors

Multiphase systems are found in a number of diverse areas of applications, including the manufacture of petroleum–based products and fuels, the production of commodity and specialty chemicals, pharmaceuticals, herbicides and pesticides, refining of ores, production of polymers and other materials, and so on. Multiphase reactor engineering will continue to play a key role in industrial developments.