Introduction; Part I. The Emergence of the Rule-consequentialist Paradox: 1. God and consequences: the path to Locke; 2. Legislators, architects, and spectators: the path to David Hume; 3. The great divide: Bentham and Paley; 4. Moral expression as legislation: J. S. Mill and Sidgwick; 5. Secular heterodoxy: twentieth century rule-utilitarianism; Part II. Contemporary Approaches to the Rule-consequentialist Paradox: 6. Four contemporary options for resolving the paradox; 7. A hybrid defense of the legislative perspective; Works cited; Index.