Moral Philosophy: A Contemporary Introduction

ISBN-13: 9781554813544 / Angielski / Miękka / 2018 / 328 str.

Daniel R. Denicola

Spis treści

• Preface
• Acknowledgments
• Chapter 1: Ethical Theory, Moral Concerns
• 1.1 Morality and Life
• 1.2 The Value of Ethical Study
• 1.3 The Moral Sphere
• 1.4 Identifying the Moral
• 1.5 Philosophical Ethics
• 1.6 Evaluation of Ethical Theories
• 1.7 Cases, Thought-Experiments, and Counterexamples
• 1.8 The Point of It All
• 1.9 Sources of Moral Values

Chapter 2: Morality and Religion

2.1 The Religious Context

2.2 Religion and Morality

2.3 Divine Command Theory

2.4 Implications

2.5 Critique of Divine Command Theory

2.6 The Two Faces of Religion

2.7 Ethics without God

Chapter 3: Relativism

• 3.1 Forms of Relativism
• 3.2 Moral Cultural Relativism
• 3.3 Critique of Cultural Relativism
• 3.4 Subjectivism
• 3.5 The Case of an Honor Killing
• 3.6 Relativism and Pluralism
• Chapter 4: Moral Naturalism
• 4.1 The Natural and the Good
• 4.2 Pre-Modern Advocates of Naturalism
• 4.3 Contemporary Advocates of Naturalism
• 4.4 Implications and Criticisms of Naturalism and Natural Law
• 4.5 Unnatural Practices
• 4.6 Natural Rights
• 4.7 The Critique of Natural Rights
• 4.8 Human Capabilities
• 4.9 Humanity and Morality
• Chapter 5: Egoism
• 5.1 Our Natural Self-Interest
• 5.2 Psychological Egoism: A Critique
• 5.3 The Self and Homo economicus
• 5.4 Evidence and Altruism
• 5.5 Ethical Egoism
• 5.6 Testing Egoism as a Moral Theory
• 5.7 Enlightened Self-Interest
• Chapter 6: Utilitarianism
  • 6.1 The Right and the Good
  • 6.2 From Egoism to Utilitarianism
  • 6.3 Bentham’s Calculus
  • 6.4 John Stuart Mill
  • 6.5 Qualitative Hedonism
  • 6.6 The Proof of Utility
  • 6.7 From Acts to Rules
  • 6.8 The Adequacy and Impact of Utilitarianism
  • Chapter 7: Kantianism
  • 7.1 Preview
  • 7.2 Good Will
  • 7.3 Duty and Imperatives
  • 7.4 The Categorical Imperative
  • 7.5 Alternative Formulations of the Categorical Imperative
  • 7.6 The Import of Kantian Ethics
  • 7.7 Critique of Kantian Ethical Theory
  • Interlude: Principled Ethics
  • Chapter 8: Contractarianism
  • 8.1 The Moral and the Legal
  • 8.2 Contracts and Consent
  • 8.3 Social Contract Theory
  • 8.4 John Rawls and the Just State
  • 8.5 Morality by Contract
  • 8.6 Critique of Contractualism
  • 8.7 Dissent, Violation, and Reform
  • Chapter 9: Virtue Ethics
  • 9.1 Moral Theory and Human Relationships
  • 9.2 Character: An Ethic of Virtues and Vices
  • 9.3 Confucian Ethics
  • 9.4 Aristotle and Our Summum Bonum
  • 9.5 Aristotelian Virtues
  • 9.6 MacIntyre and the Revival of Virtue Ethics
  • 9.7 A Commentary on Virtue Ethics
  • 9.8 Challenges to Virtue Ethics
  • 9.9 The Virtues of Virtue Ethics
  • Chapter 10: Emotions and Moral Sentiment Theory
  • 10.1 The Nature of Emotion
  • 10.2 Emotionality and Morality
  • 10.3 Moral Sentiment Theory
  • 10.4 David Hume’s Moral Theory
  • 10.5 Adam Smith on Sympathy and Moral Judgment
  • 10.6 Smith’s Impartial Spectator
  • 10.7 The Case of Disgust
  • 10.8 Commentary and Critique
  • Chapter 11: Care Ethics and the Feminist Standpoint
  • 11.1 Stages of Moral Reasoning
  • 11.2 Different Voices: From Gilligan to Kittay
  • 11.3 Situating Care Ethics
  • 11.4 Critique of Care Ethics
  • 11.5 Standpoint Theory
  • 11.6 Responses to Standpoint Theory
  • Chapter 12: Particularism and Intuitionism
  • 12.1 From Scenarios to Moral Epistemology
  • 12.2 Taking Notice
  • 12.3 Particularism, Principles, and Perception
  • 12.4 Ethical Intuitionism
  • 12.5 Critique and Rebuttal
  • 12.6 The Social Intuitionist Model
  • 12.7 Concluding Reflections
  • Chapter 13: Metaethics
  • 13.1 Moral Judgments and Disagreement
  • 13.2 Cognitivism
  • 13.3 Facts and Values
  • 13.4 Noncognitivism and Moral Anti-Realism
  • 13.5 Emotivism and Prescriptivism
  • 13.6 Critique of Noncognitivism
  • 13.7 Error Theory and Non-Naturalism
  • 13.8 The Ground of Morality
  • Chapter 14: Moral Theory and the Good Life
  • 14.1 Moral Saints
  • 14.2 Good Enough
  • 14.3 Decency, Flourishing, and Morality’s Demands
  • 14.4 Moral Repair
  • 14.5 Impossible Choices
  • 14.6 The Role and Limits of Moral Theory
  • Glossary
  • Index