Monitoring with Lichens - Monitoring Lichens

ISBN-13: 9781402004292 / Angielski / Twarda / 2002 / 408 str.

Nimis; Pier Luigi Nimis; Christoph Scheidegger

Opis

Organisms are increasingly being used to assess environmental impacts on ecosystems. Lichens are among the best known, most widely used biomonitors of environmental change, with thousands of papers published on this subject in the last decades. The present book provides the most recent synthesis on this subject. It is divided into three sections: (1) Monitoring lichens as indicators of pollution; (2) monitoring lichen diversity and ecosystem function; and (3) methods for monitoring lichens. The first two sections present the state of the art in the respective fields, while the third briefly presents the methods currently used in lichen biomonitoring. Sampling design, sampling strategy, and data quality evaluation are dealt with in detail in two chapters. The first section reviews the huge body of knowledge of lichens as indicators of air pollution, including bioindication, accumulation of metals and radioelements, and the use of lichens as biomarkers. The second section covers an array of approaches to monitoring lichen biodiversity and ecosystem function, from focusing on one or a few species to monitoring the biodiversity of lichens across whole regions in terms of lichen abundance, diversity, and/or community composition. The third section presents methods for monitoring lichens, written as experimental protocols for use in other situations where monitoring is required. Readership: A wide spectrum of users in fields such as education, environmental management, forestry, biodiversity research. A comprehensive, up-to-date review of lichen monitoring, and an aid in identifying problems and pragmatic approaches to the assessment of biodiversity and environmental quality.

Spis treści

1. Monitoring with Lichens - Monitoring Lichens; An Introduction; P.L. Nimis, et al. Section 1: Monitoring Lichens as Indicators of Pollution. 2. Monitoring Lichens as Indicators of Pollution; An Introduction; P.L. Nimis, O.W. Purvis. 3. Bioindication: Calibrated Scales and their Utility; D.L. Hawksworth. 4. Bioindication: The I.A.P. Approach; R. Kricke, S. Loppi. 5. Bioindication: The Community Approach; C. van Haluwyn, K.C.M. van Herk. 6. Accumulation of Inorganic Contaminants; R. Bargagli, I. Mikhailova. 7. Lichens as Monitors of Radioelements; M.R.D. Seaward. 8. Biomarkers of Pollution-Induced Oxidative Stress and Membrane Damage in Lichens; D. Cuny, et al. 9. Key Issues in Designing Biomonitoring Programmes; Monitoring scenarios, sampling strategies and quality assurance; M. Ferretti, W. Erhardt. Section 2: Monitoring Lichen Diversity and Ecosystem Function. 10. Monitoring Lichen Diversity and Ecosystem Function; An Introduction; S. Will-Wolf, C. Scheidegger. 11. Methods for Monitoring Biodiversity and Ecosystem Function; Monitoring scenarios, sampling strategies and data quality; S. Will-Wolf, et al. 12. Monitoring Lichens for Conservation: Red Lists and Conservation Action Plans; C. Scheidegger, T. Goward. 13. Lichen Monitoring and Climate Change; G. Insarov, B. Schroeter. 14. Monitoring Biodiversity and Ecosystem Function: Forests; S. Will-Wolf, et al. 15. Monitoring Biodiversity and Ecosystem Function: Grasslands, Deserts, and Steppe; R. Rosentreter, D.J. Eldridge.16. Monitoring Lichens on Monuments; A. Aptroot, P.W. James. 17. Monitoring Maritime Habitats; A. Fletcher, R. Crump. Section 3: Methods for Monitoring Lichens. 18. Methods for Monitoring Lichens; An Introduction; P.A. Wolseley, D.J. Hill. 19. Mapping Lichen Diversity as an Indicator of Environmental Quality; J. Asta, et al. 20. Identifying Deviations from Naturality of Lichen Diversity for Bioindication Purposes; S. Loppi, et al. 21. Epiphytes on Wayside Trees as an Indicator of Eutrophication in the Netherlands; K.C.M. van Herk. 22. Using Lichens on Twigs to Assess Changes in Ambient Atmospheric Conditions; P.A. Wolseley. 23. Guidelines for the Use of Epiphytic Lichens as Biomonitors of Atmospheric Deposition of Trace Elements; R. Bargagli, P.L. Nimis. 24. Transplanted Lichens for Bioaccumulation Studies; I. Mikhailova. 25. Sample Preparation of Lichens for Elemental Analysis; A.M. Rusu. 26. Sulphur Isotopes in Lichens as Indicators of Sources; B. Spiro, et al. 27. Estimation of Critical Levels of Air Pollution (Metals) on the Basis of Field Study of Epiphytic Lichen Communities; E. Vorobeichik, I. Mikhailova. 28. Monitoring Physiological Change in Lichens: Total Chlorophyll Content and Chlorophyll Degradation; K. Boonpragob. 29. Chlorophyll Fluorescence Measurements in the Field: Assessment of the Vitality of Large Numbers of Lichen Thalli; M. Jensen, R. Kricke. 30. Measuring Bark pH; R. Kricke. 31. A Photographic Quadrat Recording Method Employing Image Analysis o