Molecular Mechanisms for Repair of DNA: Part a

ISBN-13: 9781468428971 / Angielski / Miękka / 2012 / 418 str.

Philip Hanawalt

Opis

An "age" has passed in the 40 years since we first observed recovery from radiation damage in irradiated bacteria. During the early 1930s, we had been discussing the possibility of rapid changes after radiation exposure with Farring- ton Daniels, Benjamin Duggar, John Curtis, and others at the University of Wisconsin. After working with living cells, we had concluded that organisms receiving massive insults must have a wide variety of repair mechanisms available for restoration of at least some of the essential properties of the cell. The problem was how to fmd and identify these recovery phenomena. At that time I was working on a problem considered to be of great importance-the existence of the so-called mitogenetic rays. Several hundred articles and a score of books had already appeared dealing with mitogenetic rays, a type of radiation that was thought to exist in the shorter ultraviolet region. Our search for mitogenetic rays necessitated the design of experiments of greatest sensitivity for the detection of ultraviolet. It was vital that conditions be kept as constant as possible during exposure. All the work was done at icewater temperature (3-5C) during and after exposure. We knew that light was an important factor for cell recovery, so all our experiments were done in dim light, with the plated-out cells being covered with dark cloth. Our statements on the effect of visible light stimulated Kelner to search for "photoreactivation' (as it was later called).

Spis treści

I. Repairable Damage in DNA.- 1. Repairable Damage in DNA: Overview.- 2. The Nature of the Alkylation Lesion in Mammalian Cells.- 3. “Excision” of Bases from DNA Methylated by Carcinogens in Vivo and Its Possible Significance in Mutagenesis and Carcinogenesis.- 4. Alkali-Labile Lesions in DNA from Cells Treated with Methylating Agents, 4-Nitroquinoline-N-oxide, or Ultraviolet Light.- 5. Apurinic and Apyrimidinic Sites in DNA.- 6. Maintenance of DNA and Repair of Apurinic Sites.- 7. DNA Turnover and Strand Breaks in Escherichia coli.- 8. Excision-Repair of ?-Ray-Damaged Thymine in Bacterial and Mammalian Systems.- 9. Formation of Dimers in Ultraviolet-Irradiated DNA.- 10. An Enzymatic Assay for Pyrimidine Dimers in DNA.- II. Enzymatic Photoreactivation.- 11. Enzymatic Photoreactivation: Overview.- 12. Kinetics of Photoreactivation.- 13. Purifying the Escherichia coliPhotoreactivating Enzyme.- 14. The Human Leukocyte Photoreactivating Enzyme.- 15. Photorepair of RNA.- III. Dark Repair in Bacteriophage Systems.- 16. Dark Repair in Bacteriophage Systems: Overview.- 17. Enzymic Mechanism of Excision-Repair in T4-Infected Cells.- 18. The Repair of Ultraviolet Damage by Phage T4: The Role of the Early Phage Genes.- 19. Repair of IIeteroduplex DNA in Bacteriophage T4.- 20. Recovery of Phage ? from Ultraviolet Damage.- IV. Enzymology of Excision-Repair in Bacteria.- 21. Enzymology of Excision-Repair in Bacteria: Overview.- 22. The Escherichia coliUV Endonuclease (Correndonuclease II).- 23. Endonuclease II of Escherichia coli.- 24. Endonuclease III: An Endonuclease from Escherichia coli That Introduces Single Polynucleotide Chain Scissions in Ultraviolet-Irradiated DNA.- 25. An Escherichia coliEndonuclease Which Acts on X-Irradiated DNA.- 26. Substrate Specificity of Micrococcus luteus UV Endonuclease and Its Overlap with DNA Photolyase Activity.- 27. Two Temperature-Sensitive polA Mutants: An Approach to the Rolein Vivoof DNA Polymerase I.- 28. The Role of DNA Polymerase I in Excision-Repair.- 29. Involvement of Escherichia coliDNA Polymerase-I-Associated 5??3? Exonuclease in Excision-Repair of UV-Damaged DNA.- 30. Exonuclease VII of Escherichia coli.- 31. Enzymatic Repair of UV-Irradiated DNA in Vitro.- 32. Repair Replication in Permeabilized Escherichia coli.- 33. Requirement for uvrAB Function for Postirradiation DNA Synthesis in Vitro.- 34. DNA Polymerase II-Dependent DNA Synthesis in Toluenized Bacillus subtilis Cells.- V. Repair by Genetic Recombination in Bacteria.- 35. Repair by Genetic Recombination in Bacteria: Overview.- 36. Genetic Exchanges Induced by Structural Damage in Nonreplicating Phage ? DNA.- 37. The Beginning of an Investigation of the Role of recF in the Pathways of Metabolism of Ultraviolet-Irradiated DNA in Escherichia coli.- 38. The Degradation of Duplex DNA by the recBC DNase ofEscherichia coli.- 39. Analysis of Temperature-Sensitive recB and recC Mutations.- 40. Recombination and Postreplication Repair.- 41. Ultraviolet-Light-Induced Incorporation of Bromodeoxyuridine into Parental DNA of an Excision-Defective Mutant of Escherichia coli.- 42. Distribution of Pyrimidine Dimers During Postreplication Repair in UV-Irradiated Excision-Deficient Cells of Escherichia coli K12.- 43. Experiments on the Filling of Daughter-Strand Gaps During Post- replication Repair.- 44. Postreplication Repair Gap Filling in an Escherichia coli Strain Deficient in dnaB Gene Product.- 45. Involvement of uvrD, exrA, and recB Genes in the Control of the Postreplicational Repair Process.- 46. Replication and Expression of Constructed Plasmid Chimeras in Transformed Escherichia coli-A Review.- VI. Relationships Among Repair, Mutagenesis, and Survival.- 47. Relationships Among Repair, Mutagenesis, and Survival: Overview.- 48. SOS Repair Hypothesis: Phenomenology of an Inducible DNA Repair Which Is Accompanied by Mutagenesis.- 49. Thermal Enhancement of Ultraviolet Mutability in a dnaB uvrA Derivative of Escherichia coli B/r: Evidence for Inducible Error-Prone Repair.- 50. lexB: A New Gene Governing Radiation Sensitivity and Lysogenic Induction in Escherichia coli K12.- 51. Indirect Suppression of Radiation Sensitivity of a recA? Strain of Escherichia coli K12.- 52. The Two-Lesion Hypothesis for UV-Induced Mutation in Relation to Recovery of Capacity for DNA Replication.- 53. The Effect of Genes Controlling Radiation Sensitivity on Chemical Mutagenesis in Yeast.- 54. Influence of Repair on the Specificity of Ultraviolet-Induced Reversion of an Ochre Allele of the Structural Gene for Iso- 1-cytochrome c.- 55. The Role of DNA Polymerase I in Genetic Recombination and Viability of Escherichia coli.- 56. The Role of the rec Genes in the Viability of Escherichia coliK12.- Author Index (to Parts A and B).- Subject Index (to Parts A and B).