Modern Protective Structures

ISBN-13: 9780824725266 / Angielski / Twarda / 2007 / 528 str.

Theodor Krauthammer

Opis

In today's world, reasonably predictable military operations have been replaced by low intensity conflicts-less predictable terrorist activities carried out by determined individuals or small groups that possess a wide range of backgrounds and capabilities. Because of the threats posed by this evolving type of warfare, civil engineers and emergency personnel face new challenges in designing facilities to protect lives and property and in conducting effective rescue operations and forensic investigations. Addressing these needs, Modern Protective Structures develops realistic guidelines for the analysis, design, assessment, retrofit, and research of protected facilities.

After introducing a comprehensive risk management approach, the author provides a general background on explosive devices and their capabilities as well as explosive effects and the processes that generate them. He then discusses the effects of conventional and nuclear explosions. The book subsequently considers the significant design differences between conventional and nuclear loads and between existing design procedures and state-of-the-art information from recent research. It also summarizes existing blast-resistant design approaches and describes the dynamic responses of structural systems to blasts, shocks, and impacts. Additional coverage includes the behavior of specific structural connections, the traditional concept of P-I diagrams, and progressive collapse. The book concludes with a systematic and balanced protective design approach.

Tackling the analytical, design, assessment, and hazard mitigation issues associated with short-duration dynamic loads, this book examines how impulsive loads affect various types of buildings and facilities. It provides the necessary material to help ensure the safety of persons, assets, and projects.

Spis treści

INTRODUCTION
General Background
Protective Planning and Design Philosophy
Protection Methodology, Threat, and Risk Assessment
From Threat and Hazard Environment to Load Definition
Technical Resources and Blast Mitigation Capabilities
Analysis Requirements and Capabilities
Protective Technology: Current State and Future Needs
Summary

EXPLOSIVE DEVICES AND EXPLOSIONS
Introduction
Characteristics of Explosive Processes, Devices, and Environments
Explosives, Explosions, Effects, and Their Mitigation

CONVENTIONAL AND NUCLEAR ENVIRONMENTS
Introduction
Airblast
Penetration
HE-Induced Ground Shock, Cratering, and Ejecta
Cratering, Ejecta, and Ground Shock from Nuclear Devices
Fragmentation
Fire, Chemical, Bacteriological, and Radiological Environments

CONVENTIONAL AND NUCLEAR LOADS ON STRUCTURES
Conventional Loads on Structures
Nuclear Loads on Structures
Step-by-Step Procedures for Deriving Blast Design Loads

BEHAVIORS OF STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS
Introduction
Government and Non-Government Manuals and Criteria
Distances from Explosion and Dynamic Loads
Material Properties of Steel and Concrete
Flexural Resistance
Shear Resistance
Tensile and Compressive Members
Principal Reinforcement
Cylinders, Arches, and Domes
Shear Walls
Frames
Natural Periods of Vibration
Advanced Considerations
Application to Structural Design
Practical Damage and Response Limits

DYNAMIC RESPONSE AND ANALYSIS
Introduction
Simple Single Degree of Freedom (SDOF) Analysis
Multi Degree of Freedom (MDOF) Systems
Continuous Systems
Intermediate and Advanced Computational Approaches
Validation Requirements for Computational Capabilities
Practical Computation Support for Protective Analysis and Design Activities

CONNECTIONS, OPENINGS, INTERFACES, AND INTERNAL SHOCK
Connections
Openings and Interfaces
Internal Shock and Its Isolation
Internal Pressure

PRESSURE-IMPULSE DIAGRAMS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS
Introduction
Background
Characteristics of P-I Diagrams
Analytical Solutions of P-I Diagrams
Numerical Approach to P-I Curves
Dynamic Analysis Approach
Dynamic Structural Model
Application Examples for SDOF and P-I Computational Approaches

PROGRESSIVE COLLAPSE
Introduction
Background
Progressive Collapses of Different Types of Structures
Department of Defense and General Services Administration Guidelines
Advanced Frame Structure Analysis
Summary

A COMPREHENSIVE PROTECTIVE DESIGN APPROACH
Introduction
Background
Protection Approaches and Measures
Planning and Design Assumptions
Siting, Architectural, and Functional Considerations
Load Considerations
Structural Behavior and Performance
Structural System Behavior
Structural System and Component Selection
Multi-Hazard Protective Design
Other Safety Considerations
Development and Implementation of Effective Protective Technology
Summary

REFERENCES
INDEX

O autorze

Theodor Krauthammer, Theodor Krauthammer