List of Tables and Maps; Preface; A Note on Transliteration and Spelling; Glossary; Introduction, Masooda Bano; Section 1: Neo-Traditionalists; 1. Zaytuna College and the Construction of an American Muslim Identity, Nathan Spannaus and Pooya Razavian; 2. The Neo-Traditionalism of Tim Winter, Pooya Razavian; Section 2: Neo-Legalists; 3. From ‘Islamization of Knowledge’ to ‘American Islam’: the International Institute of Islamic Thought (IIIT), Nathan Spannaus; 4. Transformative Islamic Reform: Tariq Ramadan and the Center for Islamic Legislation and Ethics (CILE), Nathan Spannaus; Section 3: Neo-Conservatives; 5. Yasir Qadhi and the Development of Reasonable Salafism, Pooya Razavian; 6. New Deobandi Institutions in the West, Pooya Razavian and Nathan Spannaus.