Modern Chlor-Alkali Technology: Volume 4

ISBN-13: 9789401070041 / Angielski / Miękka / 2011 / 376 str.

N. M. Prout; J. S. Moorhouse

Opis

The papers in this book were submitted for the 1988 London International Chlorine Symposium. This was the fifth symposium organised by the Electro chemical Technology Group of the Society of Chemical Industry and proved as popular as ever, attracting a record number of 294 delegates from 31 countries. Twenty-seven papers were presented during the two and a half-day event covering the latest developments in chlor-alkali technology. The field of membranes and membrane cells was well represented by some 15 papers, reflecting the importance of membrane technology to the future of the industry. This is particularly relevant in view of increasing environmental pressures and rising costs. However, papers relating to the more traditional mercury and diaphragm cell technologies were also presented, together with a paper concerned with sodium chlorate manufacture. In addition, there were presentations covering the commercial and safety aspects of the chlor-alkali industry. The Electrochemical Technology Group of the Society of Chemical Industry offer thanks to the many people and organisations whose help ensured the success of this symposium. In particular, we would like to thank: 1. The contributors of the papers. 2. The session chairmen: Dr R. G. Smerko (The Chlorine Institute Inc.); Mr B. Lott (The Associated Octel Company Limited); Mr T. F. O'Brien (United Engineers and Constructors); Dr B. S. Gilliatt (ICI Chemicals and Polymers Limited); Mr D. Bell (Hays Chemicals Limited). 3. The Chlorine Institute for assistance with printing costs and for active participation."

Spis treści

1 The World Chlor-Alkali Industry Past—Present—Future.- 2 The Increasing Regulatory Controls and their Effect on Business.- 3 The Safety of Liquid Chlorine Storage, Transportation and Environmental Protection in China’s Chlor-Alkali Industry.- 4 The Progress of Chlorine Cells in China.- 5 The Need to Carry out Hazard and Operability Studies on Every New Plant.- 6 Toxic Effects of Chlorine—An Update from the MHAP Toxicity Working Party.- 7 Influence of Systems Design and Operation Parameters on Membrane Performance.- 8 New Developments in Electrode Coatings for Chlor-Alkali Processes.- 9 An Electrochemist’s View of Chlorine Manufacture.- 10 Poison Tolerant Platinum Catalysed Cathodes for Membrane Cells.- 11 The Design and Operating Experiences of AZEC Electrolyzers and Recent Development of Flemion Membranes.- 12 Brine, Impurities, and Membrane Chlor-Alkali Cell Performance.- 13 Design, Installation and Operation of Ion Exchange Membrane Chlor-Alkali Processes.- 14 The Mechanism of the Activity Loss of RuO2-TiO2 Anodes in Saturated NaCl Solution.- 15 Voltage-Current Curves, Application to Membrane Cells.- 16 Development of Large Monopolar Type Membrane Electrolyzers.- 17 FM21 Electrolysers—Their Application to a Range of Operations in Chlor-Alkali Plants.- 18 Improving Membrane Cell Operation.- 19 ‘What Ifs…’ in Membrane Cellroom Operation.- 20 Hoechst-Uhde Single Element Membrane Electrolyzer: Concept—Experiences—Applications.- 21 Dechlorination of Brines for Membrane Cell Operation.- 22 Secondary Brine Treatment: Ion-Exchange Purification of Brine.- 23 Practical Experience in Mercury and Diaphragm Cell Conversions to Membrane Technology.- 24 Membrane Electrolyzers with Gas Supported Internal Circulation.- 25 Oxidation of Chloride and Hypochlorite at Pt and RuO2 Anodes.- 26 Control of Sulphate in the Production of Crystal Sodium Chlorate.- 27 Polyramix™: A Depositable Replacement for Asbestos Disphragms.- 28 World Chlor-Alkali Markets and Technology: An ICI Perspective.- 29 Operational Surveillance for Cell-to-Cell Uniformity.