Model Systems to Study the Excretory Function of Higher Plants

ISBN-13: 9789402400632 / Angielski / Miękka / 2016 / 198 str.

Victoria V. Roshchina

Opis

The secretory activity of plants is a manifestation of the fundamental property of all living organisms: the ability to exchange substances and energy with the environment.

Spis treści

Preface.- Introduction.- 1. Approaches to Choice of Model Systems for Microscopic Studies.- 1.1. Colour and Absorbance in Analysis.- 1.1.1. Usual Microscopy and Stereomicroscopy.- 1.2.1. Auto fluorescence of Secretory Components.- 1.2.2. Special Fluorescent Probes or Markers.- 1.2.3. Fluorescence-related Technique.- 1.2.3.1. Luminescence Microscopy.- 1.2.3.2. Microspectrofluorimetry.- 1.2.3.3. Confocal Microscopy.- 1.2.3.4. Images and the Fluorescence Spectra of Cells in Cytodiagnostics.- 1.3. Cellular Observation of Secretory Process.- 1.3.1. Secretion Transport and Excretion.- 1.3.2. Reactions of Models – Acceptors Sensitive to Secretory Products.- 2. Intact Secretory Cells as Models – Donors of Secretions.- 2.1. Intracellular Secretion.- 2.1.1. Models of Secretion into Vacuole.- 2.1.1.1. Models with Pigments in Vacuoles.- 2.1.1.2. Models for Analysis of Alkaloids’ Accumulation in Isolated Vacuole.- 2.1. Intratissue Secretory Systems.- 2.2.1. Laticifers as Models.- 2.2.2. Idioblasts.- 2.3. External Secretion.- 2.3.1. Secretion into Free Space.- 2.3.2. Models of External Secretions.- 2.3.2.1. Single Cell-Models.- 2.3.2.2. Multicellular Models.- 3. Models – Acceptors of Secretions and their Reactions on Exometabolites.- 3.1. Biosensors and their Sensitive Reactions.- 3.1.1. Exometabolites as Chemosignals.- 3.1.1.1. Amine-Containing Compounds in Secretions.- 3.1.1.2. Specific Compounds Excreted by Plants.- 3.1.1.3. Reactive Oxygen Species.- 3.1.2. Sensory Systems in Models-Acceptors.- 3.2. Sensitive-Reactions of Models to Exometabolites.- 3.2.1. Microspores as Biosensors.- 3.2.1.1. Effects of Complex Excretions.- 3.2.1.2. Effects of Amine-containing Compounds.- 3.2.1.3. Effects of Alkaloids.- 3.2.1.4. Effects of Monoterpenes and Sesquiterpene Lactones.- 3.2.1.5. Effects of Proteins.- 3.2.1.6. Effects of Natural Oxidants and Antioxidants.- 3.2.1.7. Effects of Exometabolites on the Secretions from Microspores.- 3.2.2. Multicellular Biosensors.- 3.2.2.1. Changes in Fluorescence.- 3.2.2.2. Secretion from Cells.- 3.2.2.3. The Cholinesterase Activity as Indicator of Sensitivity to Excretory Products.- 4. Modeling of Cell-Cell Contacts.- 4.1. Modeling of Cell-Cell Contacts based on Microscopic Observation.- 4.1.1. Pollen-Pistil Interactions.- 4.1.1.1. Visualization of Pistil Stigma Reaction on Pollination.- 4.1.1.2. Individual Components in the Pollen-Pistil Contact. 4.1.2. Pollen-Pollen Interactions.- 4.1.2.1. LSCM Images of Fluorescence in Pollen-Pollen Interactions.- 4.1.2.2. The Germination Reactions in Pollen Mixtures.- 4.1.3. Direct Contacts at Plant-Animal or Plant-Microorganism Interactions.- 4.1.3.1. Plant-Insect Contacts.- 4.1.3.2. Plant-Worm contacts.- 4.1.3.3. Relations between Water-Grown Plants and Animals.- 4.1.3.4. Plant-Microorganism Contacts.- 4.2. Models to Study Pollen Allelopathy.- 4.2.1. Modeling of Interaction between Pollen-Donors and Pollen-Acceptors In Vivo and In Vitro.- 4.2.2. Modelling with Pollen Excretions.- 4.3. Modelling with Individual Components of Excretions as Markers and Dyes.- 4.3.1. Coloured and Fluorescing Compounds.- 4.3.2. Fluorescing Colorless Compounds.- 5. Application of Models in Pharmacology, Medicine and Ecology.- 5.1. Unicellular Models in Analysis of Effects Pharmaceuticals and Allelochemicals.- 5.1.1. Testing on Microspores.- 5.1.2. Staining of Cells with Extracts.- 5.2. Cellular Targets and Mechanisms of Action of Drugs and Allelochemicals.- 5.2.1. The Surface Targets.- 5.2.1.1. Reception and Ion Channels.- 5.2.1.2. Cholinestease as Sensor.- 5.2.1.3. Redox Reactions.- 5.2.2. Targets within Cell-Model.- 5.2.2.1. DNA-containing Organelles.- 5.2.2.2. Contractile Proteins.- 5.3. Application of Models in Environmental Monitoring.- Conclusion.- References.- Subject Index.- Latin Index.

Blurb

Biological models are known as living systems needed for experimental studies. On similar objects one could analyze characteristics, features, and laws of biological processes occurred in real complex organisms, but also clearly seen in more simple living systems, better suitable for experimental studies. In fundamental studies of plant excretory function various simple model systems also may be used. Modeling of processes is one of the experimental approaches to study mechanisms of intercellular signaling in chemical communication of organisms. Not much we know about cellular models can be used in vital regime without fixation and vivisection. That is why similar model systems are of our interest today. Plant model systems suitable for vital microscopic analysis of excretory function studied by the author the last 15 years are represented in this monograph. Attention is paid to new cellular models that permit to estimate the accumulation and release of the secretions, their biological effects, including signaling and contacts with other cells.