Model-Based Reasoning: Science, Technology, Values

ISBN-13: 9781461351542 / Angielski / Miękka / 2012 / 404 str.

L. Magnani; N. J. Nersessian

Opis

There are several key ingredients common to the various forms of model-based reasoning considered in this book. The term model comprises both internal and external representations. The models are intended as interpretations of target physical systems, processes, phenomena, or situations and are retrieved or constructed on the basis of potentially satisfying salient constraints of the target domain. The book s contributors are researchers active in the area of creative reasoning in science and technology."

Spis treści

Metaphor-Based Values in Scientific Models; M. Johnson. Analogy in Scientific Discovery: The Case of Johannes Kepler; D. Gentner. Model Experiments and Models in Experiments; M.S. Morgan. Calibration of Models in Experiments; M. Boumans. The Development of Scientific Taxonomies; H. Andersen. Production, Science and Epistemology. An Overview on New Models and Scenarios; S. Turchetti, et al. Modeling Practices and 'Tradition'; E. Kurz-Milcke, L. Martignon. Modeling Data: Analogies in Neural Networks, Simulated Annealing and Genetic Algorithms; D.M. Bailer-Jones, C.A.L. Bailer-Jones. Perceptual Simulation in Analogical Problem Solving; D.L. Craig, et al. Building Demand Models to Improve Environmental Policy Process; B.G. Norton. Toward a Computational Model of Hypothesis Formation and Model Building in Science; J. Phillips, et al. Models as Parts of Distributed Cognitive Systems; R.N. Giere. Conceptual Models, Inquiry and the Problem of Deriving Normative Claims from a Naturalistic Base; A. Ward. Dynamic Imagery: A Computational Model of Motion and Visual Analogy; D. Croft, P. Thagard. Model-Based Reasoning and Similarity in the World; Qiming Yu. Epistemic Artifacts: Michael Faraday's Search for the Optical Effects of Gold; R.D. Tweney. Deterministic Models and the 'Unimportance of the Inevitable'; C. Pizzi. Mental Models in Conceptual Development; S. Vosniadou. Modeling Core Knowledge and Practices in a Computational Approach to Innovation Process; S. Bandini, S. Manzoni. Author Index. Subject Index.