Mine Seismology: Seismic Response to the Caving Process: A Case Study from Four Mines

ISBN-13: 9783319955728 / Angielski / Twarda / 2018 / 242 str.

S. N. Glazer

Spis treści

Chapter 1 Introduction

References

Chapter 2 Seismic data assessment

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Magnitude definition for the book

2.3 Summary of the seismic data bases

2.4 Test of seismic data base quality

2.4.1 Example based on DOZ seismic data base

2.4.2 Example based on DR Sector, El Teniente

2.5 Radiated seismic energy

2.5.1 Analysis of the Northparkes Mine seismic energy release pattern

2.5.2 Average energy release rates of small size events

2.5.3 Energy release ranges for different magnitude sizes – comparison between mines

2.5.3.1 Low magnitude range

2.5.3.2 Higher magnitude range

2.5.3.3 Energy release ranges for all magnitude sizes

2.6 Comparison of Seismicity Induces by Cave Mining at Palabora Mining (South Africa) and at PT Freeport Indonesia Copper Mines (Glazer and Townsend 2006)

2.6.1 Introduction 

2.6.2 The PMC Mine 

2.6 3. The Deep Ore Zone Mine of PT Freeport Indonesia

2.6.4 Seismic monitoring systems and their applications to cave operations

2.6.5. Comparison of seismicity

2.6.6 Comparisons of seismic activity rates above and below the mine footprints

2.6.7 Conclusions

Acknowledgements

2.6.8 Eleven years later

2.7 Conclusions

References

Chapter 3 Seismic signature of the caving process

3.1 Introduction

3.2 PT Freeport Indonesia DOZ Mine

3.2.1 Analysis of the whole DOZ seismic data base

3.2.2 Analysis of seismicity recorded inside of the DOZ footprint

3.2.3 Comparison of seismicity recorded above the DOZ footprint with seismicity recorded in the whole mine

3.3 Diablo Regimento Sector, El Teniente Mine

      3.3.1 Analysis of the whole Diablo Regimento seismic data base

    3.3.2 Comparison of seismicity recorded above the DR foot print with seismicity recorded in the whole mine

3.4 Northparkes Mine, Lift 2 Mine

3.4.1 Analysis of the whole seismic data base

3.4.2 Analysis of seismicity recorded inside of the cave

3.4.3 Estimation of the cave back position

3.4.4 Comparison of seismicity recorded above the mine foot print with seismicity recorded in the whole mine

  3.5 Summary

3.5.1 Initiation of the caving process

3.5.2 Pillar failure

3.5.3 Time period after the pillar failure and before the break through

              3.5.4 Break through

                3.5.5 Seismicity trends after the break through

                3.5.6 Mature stage of the caving process

3.6 Conclusions

Reference

Chapter 4 Comparison of seismicity induced while mining hydro-fractured and non-preconditioned rock mass volumes

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Diablo Regimento Sector, seismicity induced in the cave and in the surrounding volumes

4.3 Palabora Mining Company, seismicity induced in the cave and in the surrounding volumes

4.4 Deep Ore Zone Mine, seismicity induced in the cave and in the surrounding volumes

4.5 Comparison between the mines

4.6 Summary of observations

4.7 Conclusions

References

Chapter 5 Summary and Conclusions

References

Index

O autorze

Stefan N. Glazer has over 40 years of experience in the application of geophysical methods in the mineral prospecting and mining industry. He has been an independent mine seismology consultant since 2004, and before that he worked as a mine seismologist for AngloGold and then PMC. He holds an MSc degree in Prospecting Geophysics (1972) and a PhD degree in Mine Geophysics (1997), both from the AGH University of Science and Technology, Krakow, Poland.

He has published a number of technical papers, the last eleven of which were on monitoring the PMC caving process. He was involved in the Mass Mining Technology 2 Project; in this regard he wrote on the “seismic signature of the caving process,” which involved the analysis and interpretation of seismicity recorded at El Teniente, Chile, PT Freeport DOZ Mine, Northparkes Mine Lift 2 and PMC. The aim of this research was to make maximum use of the recorded seismicity to monitor and manage the caving process. In 2007 and 2011 he lectured on the subject of Mining Induced Seismicity for the Master Program in Geomechanics Applied to Mining at the School of Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago, Chile. Between 1980 and 2012 Stefan published 19 papers, including 15 on mine seismology.

Blurb

This book presents the results of seismic data analysis and interpretation based on nearly one million seismic events. This seismicity was induced by the caving process in four copper mines, each located on a different continent. The book not only serves as an interpretation guide, it also illustrates the benefits of evaluating data from different mines:

• How to establish which seismic data base is faulty and why
  
• The formation of a universal seismic response to the caving process
  
• Indisputable evidence that hydro-fracturing improves underground safety 

  

This book invites discussion on more general aspects of research, such as:

• Basic research, applied research and implementation
  
• Predicting mine-induced seismic events
  
• Quantitative versus qualitative seismology
  
• Research versus pseudo-research
  
• What is genuine research?
  

[In the Parlabora Mine] Stefan has demonstrated that [the] use of the seismic system was a very practical means of monitoring the progression of the cave up to and beyond break through into the open pit above. The seismic system was vital in drawing up the undercutting and seismic protocols and determining the maximum potential seismic hazard level. Peter Townsend Retired Mine Manager and Consultant

I consider Stefan the pioneer of using microseismic data to provide understanding of the mechanism and progress of cave mining. Science has advanced considerably since the use of less than reliable extensometers to monitor the cave back position and Stefan was leading this advance. (…)This book provides a lot of useful insight[s] in how we can best understand the data that we (…) gather and how to change this data into useful information. Neil Hepworth C. Eng, MIMMM, Geomin Consultorio – Brazil. Consultant Mining and Geotechnics

Stefan mine seismology trilogy is (…) a comprehensive tutoring on how to analyse and interpret mine induced seismicity. This coaching is based on multiple practical examples (…) presented from the problem to be solved [with] input data tests followed by analysis and interpretation. This last is presented with many details that explain the whole process. Mahdi Bayuargo, ST, MAScPT. Duaem Gada Bayuagus Managing Director