1. Gut-brain Axis2. Research approaches to manipulate/study microbiota3. Microbiota analysis tools and techniques4. What is a healthy microbiome?5. Gene-environment contributions to microbiota composition, diversity, and function6. Microbiota-brain communication in neurodevelopment - the first 1000 days7. Microbiota in neurodevelopmental disorders8. Microbiota-brain interactions in mental health - adolescence and adult9. Microbiota-brain interactions in neurodegeneration10. Antibiotics11. Probiotics12. Fecal transplantation13. Microbiota-related biomarkers for precision medicine and drug discovery14. Future considerations