Microbiome Community Ecology: Fundamentals and Applications

ISBN-13: 9783319116648 / Angielski / Miękka / 2015 / 152 str.

Muhammad Saleem; M. Brian Traw; Zahida H. Pervaiz

Opis

This book reviews the mechanisms, patterns, and processes that regulate prokaryotic diversity through different habitats in the context of evolutionary and ecological hypotheses, principles, and theories. Despite the tremendous role of prokaryotic diversity in the function of the global ecosystem, it remains understudied in comparison to the rest of biological diversity. In this book, the authors argue that understanding the mechanisms of species coexistence, functioning relationships (e.g. nutrient cycling and host fitness), and trophic and non-trophic interactions are helpful in addressing the future challenges in basic and applied research in microbial ecology. The authors also examine the ecological and evolutionary responses of prokaryotes to global change and biodiversity loss. Ecological Diversity of the Microbiome in the Context of Ecology Theory and Climate Change aims to bring prokaryotes into the focus of ecological and evolutionary research, especially in the context of global change.

Spis treści

Chapter 1.

Microbiome ecosystem ecology: unseen majority in an anthropogenic ecosystem

Authors: M. Saleem

Abstract

1. Microbiome ecosystem ecology

References

Chapter 2.

Theories, mechanisms and patterns of microbiome species coexistence in an era of climate change

Authors: M. Saleem, ZH Pervaiz, MB Traw

Abstract

2.1. Niche theory and microbial diversity

2.1.1. Temperature-metabolic theory of ecology

(i). Thermal niche specialization

(ii). Temperature as a driver of ecological divergence, evolution, speciation and thermal niche evolution trade-offs

2.1.2. Implication of habitat heterogeneity in determining ecological niche

(i). Resource heterogeneity

Factors determining resource heterogeneity

Optimal foraging theory of ecology

r/K selection theory of ecology

(ii). Role of habitat physical structure and variations in determining ecological niche

 (iii). Role of habitat pH in determining ecological niche

(iv). Role of biotic factors in determining ecological niche

2.2. Island biogeography theory and microbial diversity

2.2.1. Ecology theory of species area relationship

2.2.2 Ecological theory of distance decay relationships (DDR)

 (i). Elevational patterns of microbial diversity

(ii). Latitudinal pattern of microbial diversity

2.3. Species–time relationships (STRs)

2.4. Neutral theory and microbial diversity

References

 

 

Chapter 3.

Eco-evolutionary processes regulating microbiome community assembly in a changing global ecosystem 

Authors: M. Saleem

Abstract

3. Processes underlying microbiome community assembly

3.1. Selection

3.1.1. Constant selection pressure

3.1.2. Frequency- or density-dependent selection

(i). Negative frequency- or density-dependent selection

(ii). Positive frequency- or density-dependent selection

(iii). Spatially- or temporally-variable selection

3.2. Drift

3.2.1. Ecological drift

3.2.2. Evolutionary or genetic drift

3.2.3. Neutral drift

3.3. Dispersal

3.3.1. Environmental factors determining dispersal

(i). Dispersal in air/atmospheric ecosystem and air mediated microbial dispersal

(ii). Water currents and movement

(iii). Nutrients-mediated microbial dispersal

(iv). Miscellaneous factors determining microbial dispersal

3.3.2. Factors liming the dispersal of microbes

3.4. Diversification, speciation and mutation

5. Dormancy

References

Chapter 4.

Loss of microbiome ecological niches and diversity by global change and trophic downgrading   

Authors: M. Saleem

Abstract

4. Habitat alteration, trophic downgrading and microbiome biodiversity loss

4.1. Atmosphere ecosystem

4.2. Phyllosphere ecosystem

4.3 Rhizosphere ecosystem

4.4. Human and animal ecosystem

4.5 Aquatic ecosystems

4.6 Extreme ecosystems

4.6. Miscellaneous

References

 

Chapter 5.

Microbiome mediated multitrophic interactions in an age of microbial extinction

Authors: M. Saleem

Abstract

5.1. Trophic interactions

5.1.1 Trophic interactions with protists predators

 5.1.2. Trophic interactions with predatory bacteria

5.1.3. Trophic interactions with viruses

5.1.4. Multi-trophic interactions

5.2 Non-trophic interactions

References

 

 

Chapter 6.

Global microbiome for agroecology, industry and human well-being: opportunities and challenges in climate change

Authors: M. Saleem

Abstract

6. Microbiome diversity-functioning research in the context of biodiversity and ecosystem functioning research

6.1 Major applications of microbiome diversity-functioning research

6.1.1. Nutrient management

6.1.2. Plant growth promotion

(i) Phyllosphere associated microbiome and plant fitness

 (ii)  Rhizosphere associated microbiome and plant fitness

6.1.3 Bioremediation and phytoremediation

6.1.4 Human and animal host fitness

6.1.5 Eco-biotechnology/microbiome industrial processes

6.2 Emerging issues in microbiome diversity-functioning research

6.2.1 Mechanisms of microbiome species coexistence

6.2.2 Linking microbiome diversity to multi-trophic interactions

6.2.3 Habitat alterations, greenhouse gas emissions and microbiome diversity loss

6.2.4 Methodological, experimental and theoretical limitations

References

 

O autorze

Dr. Muhammad Saleem is a postdoctoral scholar at the University of Kentucky.