Microbiology and Aging: Clinical Manifestations

ISBN-13: 9781588296405 / Angielski / Twarda / 2008 / 348 str.

Percival, Steven L.

Opis

Theworld spopulationisestimatedtoreach8. 9billionby2050with370million peopleof80yearsofageorolder. Ageingisanincurablediseaseandde?nedasthe deregulationofbiochemicalprocessesimportantforlife, butforthepurposeof this book, ageing is better de?ned as the biological process of growing older. Ageingispartofnaturalhumandevelopment. Asyouwillseethroughoutthisbook, themicrobiologicalburdenonthehostis enormousandclinicallysigni?cant, andwillundoubtedlyhavearoletoplayinthe ageing process. As humans are living longer, there is a greater propensity to infection. This risk is substantially heightened in elderly individuals who are predisposedtoinfection. Whiletheprocessofageinganditseffectsonthehost s microbiology are poorly documented and researched, data obtained from gut studieshaveshownthatmicrobiologicalchangestakeplaceovertimesuggesting signi?cancetothehost. Dothemicrobiologicalchangesthatoccurwithinandupon thehostin?uencetheprocessofageingorisitthebiologicalchangesofthehost thataffectsthemicrobiology?Doesthisthereforeaffectourpropensitytodisease? Asthehost smicrobiologychangeswithageing, isthissigni?cantlybene?cialor severelydetrimentaltothehost?Aretherewaysofenhancinglifeexpectancyby reducingcertainbacteriafromproliferatingorconverselybyenhancingthesurvival ofbene?cialbacteria? Thisbookconsidersthemicrobiologyofthehostindifferentregionsofthebody andhowthesevaryinthedifferentagegroups. Chapter1ofthebookfocuseson ageingtheorieswithChap. 2consideringthehumanindigenous?oraandhowthis isaffectedduringageing. Chapter3highlightsthemaininfectionsassociatedwith anelderlypopulation, whileChap. 4reviewstheprocessofskinageingandits associatedmicrobiology. Chapter5reviewstheageinglungandChap. 6reviews in?uenzaintheelderly. Chapter7highlightsthechangesthatoccurintheoral micro?ora and host defences with advanced age with Chap. 8 reviewing the in?uenceofthegutmicrobiotawithageing. Chapter8focusesonthegutandits associatedimmunity. Theremainingfourchaptersofthebookconsiderclostridium andtheageinggut, Helicobacterpyloriandthehygienehypothesisandthebene?ts of probiotics. The microbiology theory of autism in children is reviewed in vii viii Preface Chap. 13. The?nalchapterofthebookexamineshowthebene?cialmicrobiology ofthehostleadstohumandecomposition. Thisbookencompassesacollectionofreviewsthathighlightthesigni?canceof andthecrucialrolethatmicroorganismsplayinthehumanlifecycle. Flintshire, UK StevenL. Percival Contents 1 AgeingTheories, DiseasesandMicroorganisms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 StevenL. Percival 2 IndigenousMicrobiotaandAssociationwiththeHost. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 JohnG. ThomasandStevenL. Percival 3 InfectionsintheElderly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 KnutOhlsen, SvitlanaKozytska, andUdoLorenz 4 SkinAgingandMicrobiology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 LeslieBaumann, EdmundWeisberg, andStevenL. Percival 5 LungInfectionsandAging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 SameerK. MathurandKeithC. Meyer 6 In?uenzaintheElderly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 CaterinaHatzifotiandAndrewWilliamHeath 7 ChangesinOralMicro?oraandHostDefences withAdvancedAge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131 RimondiaS. Percival 8 In?uenceoftheGutMicrobiotawithAgeing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 EileenMurphy, CarolineMurphy, andLiamO Mahony 9 AGutReaction: AgingAffectsGut-AssociatedImmunity . . . . . . . . . . 175 JosephF. AlbrightandJuliaW. Albright 10 ClostridiumandTheAgeingGut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223 SarahConnorandStevenL. Percival ix x Contents 11 TheSigni?canceofHelicobacterPyloriAcquisition andtheHygieneHypothesis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263 StevenL. Percival 12 ProbioticsandtheAgeingGut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275 StevenL. Percival 13 MicrobiologicalTheoryofAutisminChildhood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291 StevenL. Percival 14 DecompositionofHumanRemains. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313 RobertC. Janaway, StevenL. Percival, andAndrewS. Wilson Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335 Contributors JosephF. Albright, PhD Departmentof Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, The George WashingtonUniversitySchoolofMedicine, Washington, DC, USA JuliaW. Albright, PhD Departmentof Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, The George WashingtonUniversitySchoolofMedicine, Washington, DC, USA LeslieBaumann, MD UniversityofMiamiCosmeticCenter, MiamiBeach, FL, USA SarahConnor, MSc DepartmentofMicrobiology, LeedsGeneralIn?rmary, Leeds, UK CaterinaHatzifoti, PhD UniversityofShef?eldMedicalSchool, BeechHillRoad, Shef?eld, UK AndrewW. Heath, PhD UniversityofShef?eldMedicalSchool, BeechHillR

Recenzje

From the reviews:

"This multi-authored volume addresses an intriguing ... area of human microbiology. The individual chapters deal with microbiological and immunological changes associated with normal ageing processes in different body sites, including the mouth, gut and skin. ... Overall, the quality of writing and production is generally good ... . the main beneficiary's of readership would be senior undergraduate and postgraduate students." (George T. Macfarlane, Microbiology Today, July, 2009)

"This book is one of the first attempts in introducing and discussing the role of microflora in relation to human aging. The book compiles 14 chapters covering a wide range of topics from the basic biology of aging to infections, immunity and the decomposition of the dead body. ... This book can be a useful stepping stone to enter the highly complex world of microflora, which surely affects our health, survival and longevity." (Rupal Deva and Suresh I. S. Rattan, Biogerontology, Vol. 10, 2009)

Spis treści

Ageing Theories, Diseases and Microorganisms.- Indigenous Microbiota and Association with the Host.- Infections in the Elderly.- Skin Aging and Microbiology.- Lung Infections and Aging.- Influenza in the Elderly.- Changes in Oral Microflora and Host Defences with Advanced Age.- Influence of the Gut Microbiota with Ageing.- A Gut Reaction: Aging Affect Gut-Associated Immunity.- Clostridium and The Ageing Gut.- The Significance of Helicobacter Pylori Acquisition and the Hygiene Hypothesis.- Probiotics and the Ageing Gut.- Microbiological Theory of Autism in Childhood.- Decomposition of Human Remains.

Blurb

The microbiological burden on an aging host is enormous, and clinically significant. As humans are living longer there is a greater propensity to infection. This risk is substantially heightened in elderly individuals who are predisposed to infection. Do the microbiological changes that occur within and upon the host influence the process of ageing or is it the biological changes of the host that affects the host’s microbiology? Do such changes therefore affect the host’s propensity to disease? Are there ways of enhancing life expectancy by reducing certain bacteria from proliferating or conversely by enhancing the survival of beneficial bacteria? Microbiology & Aging: Clinical Manifestations encompasses a collection of reviews that highlight the significance of, and the crucial role, that microorganisms play in the human life cycle and considers the microbiology of the host in different regions of the body during the aging process.