Microbial Strategies for Vegetable Production

ISBN-13: 9783319544007 / Angielski / Twarda / 2017 / 226 str.

Almas Zaidi; Mohammad Saghir Khan

Opis

This book presents in-depth insights into strategies involving microbes, including bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes, and their produced biomolecules in vegetable production. Aimed at researchers and graduate students in Horticulture, Microbiology, Biotechnology and Crop Sciences the book presents an overview on the basic concepts of beneficial microorganism application in agriculture. Beneficial soil microbiota including plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), phosphate solubilizing microorganisms (PSM) and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi have provided some solutions to the problems of high cost chemical fertilizers. Apart from supplying major (N and P) and micro nutrients to growing vegetables, such groups of microbes also produce plant growth promoting hormones, and protect plants from phyto-pathogens. The book summarizes latest research results on plant- microorganism associations and maximizes the reader's insight into the management of vegetable diseases using soil microflora.

Spis treści

Chapter 1

Microbial Inoculants in Organic Vegetable Production: Current Perspective

1. Introduction

2. Need of organic vegetables

3. Essential characteristics of organic farming systems

4. Microbial inoculants as components of organic production

4.1 Microbes as biofertilizers in organic cultivation

4.1.1     Nitrogen fixing biofertilizers

4.1.1.1  Nitrogen fixation through nodule formation in leguminous vegetable crops

4.1.1.2  Azotobacter as free living nitrogen fixer 

4.1.1.3 Azospirillum as nitrogen fixer

4.1.2     Phosphorus solubilising microorganisms

4.1.3     Potassium solubilizing bacteria

4.1.4     Mycorrhiza as biofertilizer

5. Microbes as bio-control agents for suppression of plant diseases

5.1 Trichoderma in organic disease management:

5.2 Fluorescent pseudomonads as biocontrol agent in organic cultivation:

6. Microbes for decomposition of organic residues

7. Factors affecting the efficacy of microbial inoculants

Conclusions

Reference

Chapter 2

Plant growth promoting bacteria: Importance in vegetable production

1. Introduction

2. Place of PGPR in Food safety and agricultural challenges

3. Mechanism of growth promotion by PGPR-A general perspective

3.1 Nitrogen fixation

3.2 Nitrification

3.3 Denitrification

3.4 Phosphate solubilisation

3.5 Siderophores, a powerful tool for antagonism and competition

3.6 Bacterial phytohormones and plant growth regulation

3.6.1 Auxins: biosynthesis and their place in the plant-PGPR interaction

3.6.2 Gibberellins: miraculous molecules for plant growth regulation

3.6.3 Cytokinins and plant growth regulation

3.6.4 Ethylene

3.6.5 Abscisic acid

3.6.6 Bacterial ACC desaminase: A hormone balancing signal molecule

4. PGPR-hydrolytic enzymes

5. Systemic tolerance and systemic resistance induction by PGPR

Conclusion

References

 

Chapter 3

Role of Nitrogen Fixing Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria in Sustainable Production of Vegetables: Current Perspective

1. Introduction

2. Rationale for using nitrogen fixers in vegetable production

3. Nitrogen fixers-Vegetable Interactions:  How nitrogen fixers enter vegetables

4. Mechanism of vegetable Growth Promotion by nitrogen fixing plant growth  promoting rhizobacteria

5. Nitrogen fixing plant growth promoting rhizobacteria improve vegetable production: A general perspective

6. Effects of nitrogen fixing plant growth promoting rhizobacteria on important  vegetable crops

6.1 Potato (Solanum tuberosum)

6.2 Tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.)

6.3 Eggplant (Solanum melongena)

6.4 Cabbage (Brassica oleracea)

6.5 Broccoli (Brassica oleracea)<

6.6 Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.)

6.7 Onion (Allium cepa)

6.8 Radish and daikon (Raphanus sativus)

6.9 Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)

6.10 Spinach (Spinacia oleracea)

Conclusion

References

 

Chapter 4

Role of Plant growth Promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) in the improvement of vegetable crop production under stress conditions

1. Introduction

2. Stress factors

2.1Soil salinization

2.1.1 Effect of salinity on plant growth

2.1.2 Impact of salinity on microorganisms

3. Drought

3.1 Influence of drought stress on morphological characteristics of plants

4. Alleviation of drought and salinity stress by plant growth promoting rhizobacteria

Conclusion

References

 

Chapter 5

Growth improvement and management of vegetable diseases by plant growth promoting rhizobacteria

1. Introduction

2. Rationale for using PGPR in the Management of Vegetables Diseases

3. How plant growth promoting rhizobacteria combat phytopathogen attack: A general perspective

3.1 Release of siderophores

3.2 Production of cyanogenic compounds

3.3 Production of antibiotics

3.4 Secretion of lytic enzymes

3.5 Induced systemic resistance (ISR)

3.6 Competition

4. Some Examples of Growth Promotion and Vegetable Disease Management by PGPR Wilt disease: A general perspective

4.1 Diseases of tomato and their management

4.1.1 Bacterial wilt of tomato

4.1.2 Fusarium wilt of tomato

4.1.3 Bacterial wilt of brinjal

4.1.4 Fusarium wilt of brinjal

<4.1.5 Diseases of okra

4.1.5.1 Root rot disease

4.1.6 Blight diseases

4.1.6.1  Early blight of potato

4.1.6.2  Late blight of potato

4.1.6.3 Blight disease of pepper

4.1.7  Diseases of crucifers

4.1.7.1  Bacterial soft rot of cabbage

4.1.8  Diseases of cucumber

4.1.8.1  Damping off and root rot of cucumber

Conclusion and future prospects

References

 

Chapter 6

Perspectives of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria in Growth Enhancement and Sustainable Production of Tomato

1. Introduction

2. Nutritional composition of tomato fruit

3. Health benefits of lycopene

4. Rhizosphere and PGPR

4.1 Availability of nutrients in tomato rhizosphere and their interaction with PGPR

4.2 Tomato growth enhancement by PGPR: A general perspective

4.2.1 Direct mechanisms: Biological nitrogen fixation

4.2.2 Phosphate solubilisation

4.2.3 Production of phytohormones

4.2.3. 1 Indole-3 acetic acid

4.2.3.2 Cytokinins

4.2.3.3 Gibberellins

4.2.3.4 1-aminocyclopropane-1 carboxylic acid (ACC) deaminase (EC 4.1.99.4)

4.3 Indirect mechanisms: Biomanagement of phytopathogens

4.3.1 Siderophore production

4.3.2 Antibiosis

4.4 Impact of PGPR inoculation on growth and yield of tomato

4.4.1 PGPR mediated augmentation in lycopene production and other components of tomato

Conclusion

References

 

Chapter 7

Beneficial Role of Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria in Vegetable Production Under Abiotic Stress

1 Introduction

2. Impact of plant growth promoting bacteria on vegetables under stressed environment

2.1 Role of PGPB in drought stress

2.2 Role of PGPB in salinity stress

2.3 Role of PGPB in high temperature

2.4 Role of PGPB in low temperature

2.5 Role of PGPB in nutritient stress

2.6 Role of PGPB in heavy metal stress

Conclusion

References

 

Chapter 8

Metal Toxicity to Certain Vegetables and Bioremediation of Metal Polluted Soils

1.    Introduction

2.    Heavy Metals: A brief account

3.    Sources of Vegetable Contamination by Heavy Metals

4.    Bioaccumulation of Heavy Metals: A Serious Concern

4.1 Vegetable toxicity by multiple metals

4.2 Effect of metals on physiological processes of vegetables grown in metal stressed soil

5.0 Bioremediation strategies adopted for heavy metal removal

5.1 Phytoremediation

5.2 Microbes Assisted Remediation

Conclusion

References

  

Chapter 9Recent Advances in Management Strategies of Vegetable Diseases

1. Introduction<

2. Soil borne phytopatogenic diseases of vegetables: A general account

3. General effects of diseases on vegetable crop production

4. Management practices for control of vegetable diseases

4.1 Chemical control of vegetable phytopathogens

4.2  Biomanagement of vegetable diseases

4.2.1 Mechanism of disease suppression by biocontrol bacteria

4.2.2 Antibiosis

4.2.3 Siderophores

4.2.4 Parasitism or lysis

5. Examples of some vegetable diseases controlled by PGPR

5.1 Onion (Allium cepa)

5.2 Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L)

5.3 Lettuce (Lactuca sativa)

5.4 Spinach (Spinacia oleracea)

5.5 Broccoli (Brassica oleracea)

Conclusion

References

 

O autorze

Almas Zaidi, received her M.Sc. and Ph.D. (Agricultural Microbiology) from Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India and currently serving as Guest teacher/Assistant Professor at the Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India. Dr. Zaidi has been teaching Microbiology at post graduate level for the last 12 years and has research experience of 16 years. She has published above 50 research papers, book chapters and review articles in journals of national and international repute. Dr. Zaidi has edited seven books published by the leading publishers. Her main focus of research is to address problems related with rhizo-microbiology, microbiology, environmental microbiology, and biofertilizer technology.

Mohammad Saghir Khan, Ph.D. is a Professor at the Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India. Dr. Khan received his M.Sc. from Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India and his Ph.D. (Microbiology) from Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar, India. He has been teaching Microbiology to post-graduate students for the last 20 years and has research experience of 24 years. In addition to his teaching, Dr. Khan is engaged in guiding students for their doctoral degree in Microbiology. He has published over 100 scientific papers including, original research articles, review articles and book chapters in various national and international publication media. Dr. Khan has also edited nine books published by the leading publishers. Dr. Khan is deeply involved in research activities focusing mainly on rhizobiology, microbiology, environmental microbiology especially heavy metals-microbes-legume interaction, bioremediation, pesticide-PGPR-plant interaction, biofertilizers and rhizo-immunology.

Blurb

This book provides a comprehensive information on basic and applied concepts of microbesial strategies adopted for the improvement of  vegetables grown in various production systems. The beneficial role of soil microbes including plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), nitrogen fixers, and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria in the improvement of vegetables grown both in normal and contaminated soils is discussed. The role of PGPR in tomato production is dealt separately. The impact of heavy metals on different vegetables and abatement of metal toxicity following metal tolerant PGPR and their consequential impact on vegetables grown in metal polluted soil is discussed.  Moreover, recent advances in the management of vegetable diseases employing PGPR are addressed. This volume is therefore of special interest to both academics, professionals and practitioners working in the field of vegetable farming/horticulture, microbiology and plant protection sciences.