Microbial Ecology

ISBN-13: 9783642670367 / Angielski / Miękka / 2011 / 454 str.

M. W. Loutit; J. a. R. Miles

Opis

The suggestion for a symposium on microbial ecology was first put forward by Professor J.A.R. Miles in 1972. After gaining support from the New Zealand Microbiological Society and the Royal Society of New Zealand. a national committee with international represen tatives and a local committee were formed. Sponsorship was obtained from UNEP, UNESCO, ICRO and IOMS. IUBS and ICOME and the culmina tion was the First International Microbial Ecology Symposium in 1977 attended by over 400 scientists from 30 countries. Certain facets of microbial ecology have been studied for over a century, but the recognition of microbial ecology as a discipline has come relatively recently. The National Committee decided that all aspects of microbial ecology should be discussed at the Sym posium. The local organising committee, therefore. invited papers on the ecology of microorganisms and viruses associated with plants and animals, as well as microorganisms associated with soil and water and with general environmental problems. Of the 240 papers presented. only a selection is published here. It is hoped that they will be of interest particularly to those who could not attend. The vol ume stands as a tribute to the fore sight of John Miles in instigating the symposium and who retires this year from the Microbiology Department of the University of Otago where he has had a distinguished career. May his interest in microbial ecology long continue."

Spis treści

Microbial Ecology — General.- Microbial Ecology: What for Science, What for Society?.- Tropical Ecology and Human Health.- Atmospheric Pollution: Impacts on and Interactions with Microbial Ecology.- The Correlation Between rRNA Similarities and Bacterial Ecology.- Predation by Slime Mould Amoebae.- Marine Microbial Ecology.- Numerical Taxonomic Studies of Bacteria Isolated from Arctic and Subarctic Marine Environments.- Estimation of Bacterial Biomass in Water and Sediments Using Muramie Acid.- An Interspecies Regulatory Control of Dissolved Organic Carbon Production by Phytoplankton and Incorporation by Microheterotrophs.- Ecological Aspects of Luciferases from Marine Bacteria.- Freshwater Microbial Ecology.- Population Shifts in Heterotrophic Bacteria in a Tributary of the Saint John River as Measured by Taxometrics.- The Kinetics of a Microbial Population.- Interactions of Algae and Heterotrophic Bacteria in an Qligotrophic Stream.- Biological Regulation of Bloom-Causing Blue-Green Algae.- Optimization of N2 Fixation in O2-Rich Waters.- Taxonomy and Ecology of Algae in Fishponds and Fishpens of Laguna de Bay, Philippines.- Biodegradation in Aquatic Environments.- The Formation of Oil Emulsifying Agents in Hydrocarbon- clastic Bacteria.- An Assessment of the Biodegradation of Petroleum in the Arctic.- Anaerobic Breakdown Processes of Organic Matter in Freshwater Sediments.- Microbial Ecology of Soils.- Effect of Solid Particles on Growth and Metabolic Activity of Microorganisms.- Ecological Variability of Soil Microorganisms.- Aerobic Bacteria in the Horizons of a Beech Forest Soil.- Virulent, Temperate and Defective Bacteriophages from Gram-Positive Soil Bacilli.- Growth and Activity of the Nematode-Trapping Fungus Arthro-botrys conoides in Soil.- The Influence of Profile Depth on Vertical Distribution of Soil Fungi in a Humid Tropical Environment.- Short-Term Measurement of Denitrification Rates in Soils Using 13N and Acetylene Inhibition Methods.- Nitrogen Fixation and Mineralisation in Kauri (Agathis australis) Forest in New Zealand.- A Naturally Occurring Nitrogen-Fixing Rhizosphere Association in the Manawatu.- The Utility of 15N in Soil Ecology Research.- Effect of Climate on Oxidation and Reduction of Sulfur Compounds in Soils.- Physiology of P Release from Fungi-Implications for the P Cycle.- Microbial Ecology and Decomposition in Arctic Tundra and Subarctic Taiga Ecosystems.- Microbial Ecology of Animals.- “New” Viral Zoonoses: Past, Present and Future.- Ecology of Mosquito-Borne Viruses in India and South-East Asia.- The Ecology of Chikungunya Virus in Southern Africa.- Considerations on Arctic Arboviruses.- The Ecology of Influenza Viruses.- Elements of Hyperendemic Transmission of Dengue Virus in the Caribbean.- Observations on the Survival of Pathogens in Water and Air at Ambient Temperatures and Relative Humidity.- Survival of Enterobacteria in Two Different Types of Sterile Soil.- The Ecology of Escherichia coli Serotypes.- An Ecological Profile of Bacteroides nodosus, the Chief Causative Agent of Footrot in Sheep.- The Ecology of Pithomyces chartarum and the Control of Facial Eczema.- Balloon Print Replica Plating, a New Technique for Isolating and Enumerating Microorganisms on Skin.- Immunological Aspects of Environmental Contamination.- Microorganisms and the Gastro Intestinal Tract.- Gastrointestinal Microecology: One Opinion.- Quantitation of Autochthonous Bacteria in Rat Ileum by Scanning Electron Microscopy and Transect Line Analysis.- Fluorescence Microscopy of Gut Microbes.- Microbial Flora of Australian Termites and Their Significance.- Variations in the Intestinal Microflora of Salmonid Fishes.- Colony Incompatibility Among Strains of Salmonella.- Gut Microbiology.- Microbial Insecticides.- Viral and Bacterial Insecticides: Safety Considerations.- An Ecological Approach to the Use of Insect Pathogens for Pest Control.- Microbial and Integrated Control of Vectors of Medical Importance.- Microbial Ecology of Plants.- The Rhizosphere.- The Ultrastructure of the Rhizosphere of Trifolium subter- raneum L.- The Root Cortex as Part of a Microbial Continuum.- Studies of Microbial Colonization of Wheat Roots and the Manipulation of the Rhizosphere Microflora.- The Variation with Plant Age of Root Carbon Available to Soil Microflora.- Tracing Populations of Plant Stimulatory Bacillus spp. in Alien Rhizosphere Environments.- Association of Free-Living Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria with Plantroots in Temperate Region.- Endomycorrhizal Fungi Stimulate P Fertiliser Uptake from Soil by Ryegrass and Clover.- The Effect of Mycorrhizas on the Phosphate Content, Nitrogen Fixation and Growth of Medicago sativa.- The Use of Mycorrhizal Fungi for Improving Establishment and Growth of Pinus Species Used for High-Altitude Revegetation.- The Biology of Mycorrhiza in Heathland Ecosystems with Special Reference to the Nitrogen Nutrition of the Ericaceae.- Plant Diseases.- Soil Ethylene Production Specifically Triggered by Ferrous Iron.- Microbiological Problems in Seedling Establishment.- Indole-3-Ylacetic Acid Metabolism of Corynebacterium fascians.- The Source of Infections by Basidiomycete Fungi Causing a Decline and Replant Disease in Central Otago, New Zealand.- Systems Analysis as a Strategy for Agroecosystem Management: he Barley Leaf Rust Epidemic.- Phytophthora cinnamomi in Native Forests of Australia and New Zealand: Indigenous or Introduced?.- Examination of a Forest Soil Suppressive to Phytophthora cinnamomi.- The Response of Eucalypt Roots to Infection by Phytophthora cinnamomi.- Environmental Factors Controlling Severity of Disease Due to Phytophthora cinnamomi in Victoria.- Bacterial Colonization of Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands.- Rhizobium — Legume Symbiosis.- The Intracellular Environment of Rhizobium japoniovm in Soybean Root Nodules.- Root Exudates of Pea Seedlings and Their Effect Upon Rhizobium leguminosarum.- An Appraisal of Methods for Distinguishing Between Strains of Rhizobium spp. and Their Application to the Identification of Isolates from Field Environments.- Rhizobium Strains Isolated from Wild and Cultivated Legumes: Suppression of Nodulation by a Non-Nodulating Rhizobium Strain.- Rhizobia Associated with Indigenous Legumes of New Zealand and Lord Howe Island.- The Ecology of Rhizobium.- Environmental Problems Management and Control.- Effect of Cadmium on Microbes in vitro and in vivo: Influence of Clay Minerals.- In situ Methylation of Mercury by Estuarine Sediments.- Microbiological Observations and Chemical Analyses of Tile Line Drainage Waters and Deposits in Imperial Valley, California.- Effects of Condensed Tannins on the Growth of Microorganisms.- Microbiology of Food.- Foodborne Pathogens and Indicator Tests in Ready-to-Serve and Raw Foods.- The Origin of Bacteriophages in Cheese Factories.- Ecology of Meat Spoilage at Chill Temperatures.