Methods of Cancer Diagnosis, Therapy, and Prognosis, Volume 4: Colorectal Cancer

ISBN-13: 9781402095443 / Angielski / Twarda / 2009 / 503 str.

M. A. Hayat

Opis

This volume discusses various methodolo- discoveries and their translation to clinical gies for the diagnosis, therapy, and prog- practice. Oncology will benefit the most nosis of colorectal cancer (CRC). Volumes from these various advanced methodologies, 1, 2, 3, and 4 of this series present similar as a combination of the rapies and person- methods for breast cancer, lung and pros- ized medicine will improve early detection tate cancers, and gastrointestinal cancer, of CRC and other cancer types. respectively. The current volume presents The use of anticancer agents, including surgical, radiological, and molecular thera- 5-fluorouracil, fluoropyrimidines, leuc- pies and prognostic biomarkers for CRC. orin, irinotecan, oxaliplatin, raltitrexed, A large number of methods, including capecitabine, cetuximab, and bevacizumab, immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridiza- is also presented. Preoperative chemora- tion, immunoscintigraphy, RT-PCR, free otherapy is compared with postoperative circulating DNA levels in blood and stool, chemoradiotherapy. In addition, treatments ultrasonography, CT, PET, and MRI are such as immunotherapy, laparoscopic detailed for diagnosing CRC at various surgery, radiofrequency ablation, pho- stages of development. Imaging technolo- dynamic therapy, and preoperative che- gies for assessing the treatment results are radiotherapy, are presented. Preoperative also included as are details related to colon- short-course radiation for resectable r- oscopy and sigmoidoscopy. In addition, the tal cancer is also detailed. role of mircoRNA as a biomarker for this This volume included the efforts of 89 type of cancer is elaborated.

Spis treści

Authors and Co-Authors of Volume 4 Preface Contents of Volume 1, 2, and 3 PART I. COLORECTAL CANCER 1. INTRODUCTION: COLORECTAL CANCER M.A. Hayat INTRODUCTION Screening for Colorectal Cancer Treatment Rectal Cancer REFERENCES A. Diagnosis 2. POORLY DIFFERENTIATED COLORECTAL ADENOCARCINOMA: (METHODOLOGY) Seiichi Shinji, Zenya Naito, Toshiyuki Ishiwata, Yoko Matsuda, Tomoko Seya, and Takashi Tajiri INTRODUCTION HISTOPATHOLOGY IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY FOR DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY FOR MALIGNANT CHARACATERISTICS OF POORLY DIFFERENTIATED ADENOCARCINOMA IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION FOR MALIGNANT CHARACTERISTICS OF POORLY DIFFERENTIATED ADENOCARCINOMA THERAPY REFERENCES 3. COLORECTAL CANCER: IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL; DIAGNOSIS WITH HETEROGENEOUS NUCLEAR RIBONUCLEOPROTEIN K Ayham Alnabulsi, Brian Carpenter, Colin Telfer, and Graeme I. Murray INTRODUCTION BIOMARKERS Approved Biomarkers – Problems Biomarkers of Colorectal Cancer Demand for Colorectal Biomarkers COLORECTAL BIOMARKER HETEROGENEOUS NUCLEAR RIBONUCLEOPROTEIN K Methodology 2D Gel Electrophoresis (2DGE) Semiquantitative Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction Monoclonal Antibody to Heterogeneous Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein K Immunohistochemistry (IHC) RESULTS DISCUSSION FUTURE DIRECTION REFERENCES 4. METASTASES AND RECURRENCE OF COLORECTAL CANCER: DIAGNOSTIC ROLE OF IMMUNOSCINTIGRAPHY Vladimir Obradovic and Vera Artiko INTRODUCTION GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS Radiopharmaceuticals Imaging Systems and Techniques IMMUNOSCINTIGRAPHIC METHODS USED FOR DIAGNOSTICS OF COLORECTAL CANCER Immunoscintigraphy Based onRadiopharmaceuticals Labeled with Radioiodines Immunoscintigraphy Based on Radiopharmaceuticals Labeled with 111In Immunoscintigraphy Based on Radiopharmaceuticals Labeled with 99mTc Comparison of Diagnostic Values of Different Radiopharmaceuticals Immunoscintigraphy and Positron Emission Tomography Radioimmunoguided Surgery CONCLUSION REFERENCES 5. COLORECTAL CANCER DIAGNOSIS USING DNA LEVELS IN BLOOD AND STOOL Emanuela Flamini, Daniele Calistri, Laura Mercatali, Claudia Rengucci and Dino Amadori INTRODUCTION AVAILABLE TESTS AND THEIR COST BENEFITS Fecal Occult Blood Test Flexible Sigmoidoscopy Colonoscopy Barium Enema with Air Contrast Virtual Colonoscopy MOLECULAR MARKERS AND THEIR COST BENEFITS FREE CIRCULATING DNA IN BLOOD Biological Mechanisms of Free Circulating DNA Release Methodological Aspects of Free Circulating DNA Sources and Influence of Pre-Analytical Factors Isolation and Quantification Free Circulating DNA Levels in Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis INTEGRITY OF GENOMIC EXTRACTED DNA FROM STOOL Analysis of Long Fragment DNA in Stool Advantages and Technical Problems CONCLUSIONS REFERENCES 6. COLORECTAL CARCINOMA: IDENTIFICATION OF microRNAs USING REAL-TIME POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION Eva Bandres, Nerea Bitarte, Natalia Ramirez, Ruth Zarate, and Jesus Garcia-Foncillas INTRODUCTION GENOMICS OF microRNA microRNA BIOGENESIS AND FUNCTION EVIDENCE FOR THE INVOLVEMENT OF microRNA IN CANCER REGULATION OF microRNA EXPRESSION IDENTIFICATION OF microRNA TARGETS: BIOINFORMATIC AND FUNCTIONAL TOOLS TECHNOLOGY TO QUANTIFY microRNAs EXPERIMENTAL WORKFLOW FOR microRNA EXPRESSION BY REAL- TIME POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION IDENTIFICATION OF DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED microRNA IN COLORECTAL CANCER USING REAL-TIME POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION Q

Blurb

This fourth volume in the series Methods of Cancer Diagnosis, Therapy and Prognosis discusses various methodologies for the diagnosis, therapy and prognosis of Colorectal Cancer. Both standard and emerging therapies for this cancer, written by expert oncologists/pathologists in this field, are included. 
 
This fully illustrated volume: 

* Presents surgical, radiological, and molecular therapies and prognostic markers for colorectal cancer. 

* Highlights a large number of methods for diagnosing colorectal cancer at various stages of development, including immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization immunoscintigraphy, RT- PCR, free circulating DNA levels in blood and stool, ultrasonography, CT, PET, and MRI. 

* Includes imaging technologies for assessing treatment results, and details related to colonoscopy and sigmoidoscopy. 

* Explains the use of anticancer agents and monoclonal antibodies, including 5-fluorouracil, fluoropyrimidines, leucovorin, irinotecan, oxaliplatin, raltitrexed, capecitabine, cetuximab, and bevacizumab. 

* Compares preoperative chemoradiotherapy with postoperative chemoradiotherpy.

The technological advances presented in this volume are expected to expedite new discoveries and their translation to clinical practice. The field of oncology will benefit the most from these advanced methods, as a combination of therapies and personalized medicine will improve early detection of colorectal cancer and other cancer types. 

Professor Hayat has summarized the problems associated with the complexities of research publications and has been successful in editing a must-read volume for oncologists, cancer researchers, medical teachers and students of cancer biology.