Methods Used in Adenosine Research

ISBN-13: 9781468448887 / Angielski / Miękka / 2013 / 384 str.

David Paton

Opis

In their classic paper in 1929, Drury and Szent-Gyorgyi described a number of the important cardiovascular actions of adenosine. Another thirty years were to pass before the possible physiological role of adenosine in coronary vasodilation was studied by Berne and others. Since then, there has been a tremendous increase in research into the actions of adenosine. Workers from many disciplines have employed a wide variety of techniques, since adenosine is a product of and a substrate for a number of metabolic pathways, is transported into cells, and acts at discrete receptor sites to modulate the activity of adenylate cyclase and to produce important actions on many cells and tissues including platelets, adipo- cytes, heart, blood vessels, and other smooth muscles. International symposia on the actions of adenosine were held in 1978, 1981, and 1982, and the proceedings of these symposia have been published (Baer and Drummond, 1979; Daly et at., 1983; Berne et at., 1983). Since it is not the primary purpose of the present volume to review our current understanding of the nu- merous actions of adenosine, these volumes should be consulted for such details. Rather, the present volume has been planned to provide both graduate students and investigators in pharmacology and related disciplines with a summary of some of the methods now available for the study of the actions of adenosine and, in particular, to highlight their possible uses and limitations.

Spis treści

I Synthesis and Measurement of Adenosine and Adenine Nucleotide Analogs.- 1 Synthesis of Adenosine and Adenine Nucleotide Analogs.- 2 The Measurement of Adenosine and Adenine Nucleotides in Tissues and Body Fluids.- 3 The Demonstration and Measurement of Adenosine Triphosphate Release from Nerves.- II Adenosine Metabolism.- 4 The Study of Adenosine Metabolism in Isolated Cells and Tissues.- 5 Ectonucleotidases: Measurement of Activities and Use of Inhibitors.- 6 Adenosine Deaminase: Measurement of Activity and Use of Inhibitors.- 7 S-Adenosylhomocysteine Hydrolase: Measurement of Activity and Use of Inhibitors.- 8 Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase: Measurement of Activity and Use of Inhibitors.- III Adenosine Transport.- 9 Measurement and Inhibition of Membrane Transport of Adenosine.- 10 The Use of Ligands in the Study of the Nucleotide-Transport Complex: Nitrobenzylthioinosine.- IV Classification and Identification of Receptors for Adenosine and Adenine Nucleotides.- 11 The Classification of Receptors for Adenosine and Adenine Nucleotides.- 12 The Pharmacological Estimation of Potencies of Agonists and Antagonists in the Classification of Adenosine Receptors.- 13 Use of Radioligands in the Identification, Classification, and Study of Adenosine Receptors.- 14 Use of Photoaffinity Labels as P2-Purinoceptor Antagonists.- 15 Use of Structure-Activity Relationships in the Study of Adenosine Receptors.- 16 Classification of Adenosine Receptors in the Central Nervous System.- 17 Classification of Adenosine Receptors in Peripheral Tissues.- V Physiological Role of Adenosine.- 18 Criteria for the Involvement of Adenosine in the Regulation of Blood Flow.- 19 Methods Used to Study the Involvement of Adenosine in the Regulation of Lipolysis.- 20 Criteria for the Involvement of Adenosine and Adenine Nucleotides in Nonadrenergic, Noncholinergic Transmission.