Acknowledgments List of abbreviations Chapter 1 Introduction Chapter 2 Memory Formation and the Valorization of Commemoration Chapter 3 Memory Mobilization Chapter 4 Intergenerational Memory Transmission Chapter 5 The Struggle for Memory Institutionalization Chapter 6 The Challenge of Localism and Memory Repair Chapter 7 Changing Attitudes toward Tiananmen? Chapter 8 Digital Media and Memory Balkanization Chapter 9 Conclusion Epilogue Appendix A References Index