Membrane Gas Separation

ISBN-13: 9780470746219 / Angielski / Twarda / 2010 / 392 str.

B. D. (Benny D. ). Freeman; Benny Freeman; Yuri Yampolskii

Opis

Gas separation membranes offer a number of benefits over other separation technologies, and they play an increasingly important role in reducing the environmental impacts and costs of many industrial processes. This book describes recent and emerging results in membrane gas separation, including highlights of nanoscience and technology, novel polymeric and inorganic membrane materials, new membrane approaches to solve environmental problems e.g. greenhouse gases, aspects of membrane engineering, and recent achievements in industrial gas separation. It includes:

• Hyperbranched polyimides, amorphous glassy polymers and perfluorinated copolymers
• Nanocomposite (mixed matrix) membranes
• Polymeric magnetic membranes
• Sequestration of CO2 to reduce global warming
• Industrial applications of gas separation

Developed from sessions of the most recent International Congress on Membranes and Membrane Processes, Membrane Gas Separation gives a snapshot of the current situation, and presents both fundamental results and applied achievements.

Spis treści

Preface.

Contributors.

I. Novel Membrane Materials and Transport in Them.

1 Synthesis and Gas Permeability of Hyperbranched and Cross–linked Polyimide Membranes (Shinji Kanehashi, Shuichi Sato and Kazukiyo Nagai).

1.1 Introduction.

1.2 Molecular Designs for Membranes.

1.3 Synthesis of Hyperbranched Polyimides.

1.4 Gas Permeation Properties.

1.5 Concluding Remarks.

References.

2 Gas Permeation Parameters and Other Physicochemical Properties of a Polymer of Intrinsic Microporosity (PIM–1) (Peter M. Budd, Neil B. McKeown, Detlev Fritsch, Yuri Yampolskii and Victor Shantarovich).

2.1 Introduction.

2.2 The PIM concept.

2.3 Gas Adsorption.

2.4 Gas Permeation.

2.5 Inverse Gas Chromatography.

2.6 Positron Annihilation Lifetime Spectroscopy.

2.7 Conclusions.

Acknowledgements.

References.

3 Addition–type Polynorbornene with Si(CH3)3 Side Groups: Detailed Study of Gas Permeation, Free Volume and Thermodynamic Properties (Yuri Yampolskii, Ludmila Starannikova, Nikolai Belov, Maria Gringolts, Eugene Finkelshtein and Victor Shantarovich).

3.1 Introduction.

3.2 Experimental.

3.3 Results and Discussion.

3.4 Conclusions.

References.

4 Amorphous Glassy Perfl uoropolymer Membranes of Hyfl on AD: Free Volume Distribution by Photochromic Probing and Vapour Transport Properties (Johannes Carolus Jansen, Karel Friess, Elena Tocci, Marialuigia Macchione, Luana De Lorenzo, Matthias Heuchel, Yuri P. Yampolskii and Enrico Drioli).

4.1 Introduction and Scope.

4.2 Membrane Preparation.

4.3 Free Volume Analysis.

4.4 Molecular Dynamics Simulations.

4.5 Transport Properties.

4.6 Correlation of Transport and Free Volume.

4.7 Conclusions.

References.

5 Modelling Gas Separation in Porous Membranes (Aaron W. Thornton, James M. Hill and Anita J. Hilli).

5.1 Introduction.

5.2 Background.

5.3 Surface Diffusion.

5.4 Knudsen Diffusion.

5.5 Membranes: Porous Structures?

5.6 Transition State Theory (TST).

5.7 Transport Models for Ordered Pore Networks.

5.8 Pore Size, Shape and Composition.

5.9 The New Model.

5.10 Conclusion.

List of Symbols.

References.

II. Nanocomposite (Mixed Matrix) Membranes.

6 Glassy Perfl uorolymer–Zeolite Hybrid Membranes for Gas Separations (Giovanni Golemme, Johannes Carolus Jansen, Daniela Muoio, Andrea Bruno, Raffaella Manes, Maria Giovanna Buonomenna, Jungkyu Choi and Michael Tsapatsis).

6.1 Introduction.

6.2 Materials and Methods.

6.3 Results and Discussion.

6.4 Conclusions.

Acknowledgements.

References.

7 Vapor Sorption and Diffusion in Mixed Matrices Based on Tefl on® AF 2400 (Maria Chiara Ferrari, Michele Galizia, Maria Grazia De Angelis and Giulio Cesare Sarti).

7.1 Introduction.

7.2 Theoretical Background.

7.3 Experimental.

7.4 Results and Discussion.

7.5 Conclusions.

Acknowledgements.

References.

8 Physical and Gas Transport Properties of Hyperbranched Polyimide–Silica Hybrid Membranes (Tomoyuki Suzuki, Yasuharu Yamada, Jun Sakai and Kumi Itahashi).

8.1 Introduction.

8.2 Experimental.

8.3 Results and Discussion.

8.4 Conclusions.

References.

9 Air Enrichment by Polymeric Magnetic Membranes (Zbigniew J. Grzywna, Aleksandra Rybak and Anna Strzelewicz).

9.1 Introduction.

9.2 Formulation of the Problem.

9.3 Experimental.

9.4 Results and Discussion.

9.5 Conclusions.

Acknowledgements.

List of Symbols.

References.

III. Membrane Separation of CO2 from Gas Streams.

10 Ionic Liquid Membranes for Carbon Dioxide Separation (Christina R. Myers, David R. Luebke, Henry W. Pennline, Jeffery B. Ilconich and Shan Wickramanayake).

10.1 Introduction.

10.2 Experimental.

10.3 Results.

10.4 Discussion.

10.5 Conclusions.

References.

11 The Effects of Minor Components on the Gas Separation Performance of Polymeric Membranes for Carbon Capture (Colin A. Scholes, Sandra E. Kentish and Geoff W. Stevens).

11.1 Introduction.

11.2 Sorption Theory for Multiple Gas Components.

11.3 Minor Components.

11.4 Conclusions.

References.

12 Tailoring Polymeric Membrane Based on Segmented Block Copolymers for CO2 Separation (Anja Car, Wilfredo Yave, Klaus–Viktor Peinemann and Chrtomir Stropnik).

12.1 Introduction.

12.2 Tailoring Block Copolymers with Superior Performance.

12.3 Block Copolymers and their Blends with Polyethylene Glycol.

12.4 Composite Membranes.

12.5 Conclusions and Future Aspects.

13 CO₂ Permeation with Pebax–based Membranes for Global Warming Reduction (Quang Trong Nguyen, Julie Sublet, Dominique Langevin, Corinne Chappey, Stéphane Marais, Jean–Marc Valleton and Fabienne Poncin–Epaillard).

13.1 Introduction.

13.2 Experimental.

13.3 Results and Discussions.

13.4 Conclusions.

References.

IV. Applied Aspects of Membrane Gas Separation.

14 Membrane Engineering: Progress and Potentialities in Gas Separations (Adele Brunetti, Paola Bernardo, Enrico Drioli and Giuseppe Barbieri).

14.1 Introduction.

14.2 Materials and Membranes Employed in GS.

14.3 Membranes Applications in GS.

14.4 New Metrics for Gas Separation Applications.

15 Evolution of Natural Gas Treatment with Membrane Systems (Lloyd S. White).

15.1 Introduction.

15.2 Market for Natural Gas Treatment.

15.3 Amine Treaters.

15.4 Contaminants and Membrane Performance.

15.5 Cellulose Acetate versus Polyimide.

15.6 Compaction in Gas Separations.

15.7 Experimental.

15.8 Laboratory Tests of Cellulose Acetate Membranes.

15.9 Field Trials of Cellulose Acetate Membranes.

15.10 Strategies for Reduced Size of Large–scale Membrane Systems.

15.11 Research Directions.

15.12 Summary.

Acknowledgements.

References.

16 The Effect of Sweep Uniformity on Gas Dehydration Module Performance (Pingjiao Hao and G. Glenn Lipscomb).

16.1 Introduction.

16.2 Theory.

16.3 Results and Discussion.

16.4 Conclusion.

List of Symbols.

References.

Index.

O autorze

Benny D.Freeman – Kenneth A. Kobe and Paul D. and Betty Robertson Meek & American Petrofina Foundation Centennial Professor of Chemical Engineering University of Texas at Austin, Center for Energy and Environmental Resources. He researches in polymer science and engineering and, more specifically, in mass transport in polymers. His work in this field started in North Carolina State University, where he worked as assistant, associate professor and full professor during the period 1989–2002. In 2002 he moved to Department of Chemical Engineering of the University of Texas at Austin and currently directs 18 Ph.D. students and one postdoctoral fellow performing fundamental research in mass transport in polymers. I have taught a variety of short courses in the membranes area for societies such the ACS, the North American Membrane Society, and the International Congress on Membranes. I have also taught a course on this topic at the graduate level at the university. I have co–edited 4 books. Professor Freeman will be the 2009 ACS Awardee in Polymer Science in 2009.

Yuri Yampolskii, Professor, Head of Laboratory of membrane gas separation, A.V.Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Moscow, Russia. Since the middle of 70s has been engaged in the studies of membrane separation, polymer physical chemistry and related subjects. At present he is Head of the laboratory dealing with the problems of membrane separation and pervaporation, gas permeation properties of various polymeric materials, vapor separation processes, sorption thermodynamics, free volume in polymers. He has published about 200 papers in peer reviewed journals and authored or co–authored several books.