Medical Factors and Psychological Disorders: A Handbook for Psychologists

ISBN-13: 9781468452327 / Angielski / Miękka / 2013 / 374 str.

Bellack, Alan S.

Opis

Throughout the last decade, the field of clinical psychology has expanded dramatically. Clinical psychologists are involved in the treatment and research of a wider range of problems and disorders than they have ever been before. Evidence has been rapidly ac- cumulating regarding the role of psychological variables and stress in the etiology and maintenance of a range of medical and psychiatric disorders. New models of psy- chotherapy have been developed and refined, and the specific efficacy of psychother- apeutic interventions for an increasing number of disorders (or sUbtypes of disorders) has been documented. However, concurrent with research that demonstrates the impact of psychosomatic factors in various disorders and the efficacy of psychological or psychosocial interven- tions, dramatic progress has been made with regard to the investigation of biological factors that may mediate certain disorders. That physical factors may underlie many in- stances of psychiatric illness has been repeatedly demonstrated. Also, the efficacy of so- matic treatments for different disorders, or for subtypes of disorders, has been reported with increasing methodological rigor.

Spis treści

I Introduction.- 1. Physical and Psychological Dysfunction: An Integrative Perspective.- The Biopsychosocial Perspective.- Treating Chronic Illness.- New Directions in Psychology Training.- Biological Psychiatry.- Basic Tenets.- Implications for Clinical Psychology.- Treatment Planning for Psychiatric Disorders.- Behavioral Medicine and Health Psychology.- Neuropsychology and Behavioral Psychopharmacology.- Summary.- References.- 2. Issues in Pharmacological Treatment.- Basic Concepts.- Neurotransmitters.- Pharmacokinetics.- Neuroleptics.- Side Effects.- Antidepressants.- Lithium.- Antianxiety Agents.- Drug Interactions.- Combining Pharmacotherapy and Psychotherapy.- Conclusion.- References.- II Psychiatric Disorders.- 3. Anxiety Disorders.- The Diagnosis and Classification of Anxiety Disorders.- Phobic Disorders.- Anxiety States.- Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.- Another Diagnostic System.- Differential Diagnosis.- Genetic and Family Studies.- Biology of Anxiety.- Adrenergic Pathways in the Central Nervous System.- Gamma-Amino-Butyric-Acid-(GABA)-Ergic Pathways and Benzodiazine Receptors in the Central Nervous System.- Sodium Lactate Infusion Test.- Other Physiological Measurements.- Pharmacotherapy and Prediction.- Complications and Prognosis.- Conclusion.- References.- 4. Affective Disorders.- Classification and Differential Diagnosis.- Overview of DSM-III Diagnoses.- Specific Diagnostic Categories.- Differential Diagnosis.- Biological Abnormalities.- Neurochemical Abnormalities.- Neurophysiological Abnormalities.- Neuroendocrine Abnormalities.- Somatic Treatment.- Antidepressant Medications.- Neuroleptics.- Electroconvulsive Therapy.- Antidepressant-Psychotherapy Combinations.- Conclusion.- References.- 5. Psychosexual Disorders.- Gender Identity Disorders.- Transsexualism (302.5x); Gender Identity Disorder of Childhood (302.60); and Atypical Gender-Identity Disorder (302.85).- Paraphilias.- Psychosexual Dysfunctions.- Inhibited Sexual Desire (302.71).- Inhibited Sexual Excitement (302.72).- Inhibited Female Orgasm (302.73).- Inhibited Male Orgasm (302.74).- Premature Ejaculation (302.75).- Functional Dyspareunia (302.76).- Functional Vaginismus (306.51).- Other Psychosexual Disorders.- Ego-Dystonic Homosexuality (302.00).- Psychosexual Disorder Not Elsewhere Classified (302.89).- Summary.- References.- 6. Somatoform, Dissociative, and Factitious Disorders.- Somatoform Disorders.- Background.- Somatization Disorders.- Conversion Disorders.- Psychogenic Pain Disorders.- Hypochondriasis.- Dissociative Disorders.- Amnesia.- Fugue.- Depersonalization Disorder.- Multiple Personality Disorder.- Atypical Dissociative Disorder.- Factitious Disorders.- Chronic Factitious Disorder with Physical Symptoms.- Factitious Disorder with Psychological Symptoms.- Conclusion.- References.- 7. Organic Mental Disorders.- Dementia.- Alcoholism.- Alzheimer’s Disease.- Parkinson’s Disease.- Huntington’s Chorea.- Pick’s Disease.- Senile Dementia.- Creutzfeld-Jakob Disease.- Multiple Sclerosis.- Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus.- General Paresis.- Multi-Infarct Dementia.- Commentary.- Delirium.- Amnestic Syndrome.- Organic Delusional Syndrome.- Organic Hallucinosis.- Organic Affective Syndrome.- Organic Personality Syndrome.- Intoxication.- Alcohol Intoxication.- Barbiturate Intoxication.- Opioid Intoxication.- Cocaine Intoxication.- Amphetamine Intoxication.- Phencyclidine (PCP) Intoxication.- Hallucinogen Intoxication.- Cannabis Intoxication.- Caffeine Intoxication.- Withdrawal Syndromes.- Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome.- Barbiturate Withdrawal Syndrome.- Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome.- Amphetamine Withdrawal Syndrome.- Tobacco Withdrawal Syndrome.- Atypical or Mixed Organic Brain Syndrome.- Comment.- Summary.- References.- III Nonpsychiatric Disorders.- 8. Low Back Pain.- The Role of the Psychologist in the Treatment of Pain.- The Psychologist as Therapist or Psychometrician.- The Psychologist as Advocate.- Psychological Skills Required for System Entry.- Medical System-Hospital Mechanics.- Patient Responsibility.- Status.- The Medical Chart.- Differential Diagnosis of Back Pain (Psychological).- Differential Diagnosis of Back Pain (Physiological).- Acute Lumbosacral Strain.- Chronic Lumbosacral Strain.- Lumbar Disc Disease.- Treatment of Chronic Low Back Pain.- Regulated Inactivity.- Regulated Activity.- Exercise—General.- Exercise—Therapeutic.- Topical and Transcutaneous Therapy.- Pharmacological Therapy.- Surgical Procedures in Diagnosis and Treatment.- Chronic Pain and Iatrogenesis.- References.- 9. Behavioral Aspects of Arterial Hypertension and Its Treatment.- Definition and Epidemiology.- Etiology and Pathophysiology.- Secondary Hypertension.- Essential Hypertension.- Symptoms and Diagnoses.- Secondary Hypertension.- Essential Hypertension.- Differential Diagnosis.- Treatment.- Pharmacological Treatment.- Side Effects.- Behavioral Factors in the Treatment of Hypertension.- References.- 10. Neurological Disorders.- Moderating Variables.- Deficits, Disorganization, and Disinhibition.- Specialization of Function.- Closed-Head Injury.- Incidence.- Pathophysiology.- Minor Head Injury.- Moderate and Severe Head Injury.- Seizure Disorders.- Incidence.- Pathophysiology.- Defining Seizures and Epilepsy.- Classification of Seizure Disorders.- Neuropsychological Findings.- Psychosis and Behavior Change in Epilepsy.- Epilepsy and Aggression.- Psychological Treatments to Reduce Seizure Frequency.- Conversion Seizures.- Psychosocial Complications.- Stroke.- Incidence and Pathophysiology.- Behavioral Changes.- Treatment.- Tumors.- Incidence and Pathophysiology.- Problems of Differential Diagnosis.- Behavioral Changes in Patients with Brain Tumors.- Treatment.- Multiple Sclerosis.- Psychopharmacological Treatment in Neurological Disorders.- Antidepressants.- Lithium.- Propranolol.- Sedative-Hypnotics.- Anticonvulsants.- Antipsychotics.- General Approach to Behavioral Treatment in Neurological Disorders.- References.- 11. Psychosomatic Medicine.- Historical Perspective.- Diagnosis.- The Multiple Predispositions to Disease.- Inherited Traits.- Pre- to Postnatal Environment and Genetics.- Immunological Factors.- Physiological Risk and Behavior.- Cognitive and Affective Disturbances.- Family.- Culture.- Summary.- Factors Initiating Illness.- Life Events.- Mitigating Factors.- Loss and Affective States.- Factors Sustaining Disease Processes.- Physiological Mechanisms of Psychosocial Contributions to Disease.- Forms of Treatment.- Psychotherapy.- Group Therapy.- Family Therapy.- Hypnosis.- Behavior Therapy.- Biofeedback.- Psychopharmacology.- Other Treatments.- Conclusion: Management Issues Relevant to Psychologists.- References.- 12. Life-Threatening Disease: Biopsychosocial Dimensions of Cancer Care.- Focus and Outline.- Problem Conditions Associated with Cancer.- Somatic Conditions.- Psychological Conditions.- Social Conditions.- Psychosocial Intervention in Cancer Care.- Traditional Psychosocial Intervention Approaches.- Problem-Oriented Intervention Approaches.- Behavioral Intervention in Cancer Care.- Summary.- References.- 13. Headache.- Issues in Classification and Diagnosis of Headache.- Clinical Features of Headache.- Differential Diagnosis of Headache.- Pathophysiology of Headache.- Migraine Headache.- Cluster Headache.- Muscle-Contraction Headache.- Medical Treatment of Headache.- Migraine Headache.- Cluster Headache.- Muscle-Contraction Headache.- Combined Migraine and Muscle-Contraction Headache.- Summary.- References.- 14. Eating Disorders.- Anorexia Nervosa.- Diagnosis.- Medical Problems.- Treatment Implications.- Summary.- Bulimia.- Diagnosis.- Medical Problems.- Treatment Implications.- Summary.- Obesity.- Diagnosis.- Medical Problems.- Treatment Implications.- Summary.- Conclusion.- References.