Mechanisms of Gastrointestinal Motility and Secretion

ISBN-13: 9781468448559 / Angielski / Miękka / 2012 / 359 str.

A. Bennett

Opis

The physiological role of histamine in gastric secretion has been controversial since Popielski demonstrated that histamine sti mulates this secretion. The results using H2-receptor antagonists, together with the findings that histamine is produced and stored in the fundic mucosa and released upon vagal or hormonal stimulation, indicate that this amine is the major physiological stimulant of the parietal cells. The concepts of histamine as a 'final common chemo stimulator' of parietal cells, and as part of a 'multi-messenger' potentiating interaction of various hormonal secretagogues on parietal cells, have both been proposed to explain the involvement of hista mine in gastric secretory mechanisms. Histamine may also be an im portant factor in the pathogenesis of gastric hypersecretion and peptic ulcer disease since its mobilization from gastric mucosal stores is accelerated in peptic ulcer disease, and since treatment with vagotomy or H2-receptor antagonists decreases histamine release and increases its degradation in the gastric mucosa. REFERENCES Angus, J. A., 1982, Histamine receptors - their classification and role in gastric acid secretion, in: Receptor Update; Proceedings. Excerpta Medica, Geneva, 29. Angus, J. A., and Black, J. W., 1978, Production of acid secretion in the isolated stomach by electrical field stimulation, Br. J. Pharmacal. 62: 460P. Angus, J. A., and Black, J. W., 1982, The interaction of choline esters, vagal stimulation and H2-receptor blockade on acid secretion in vitro, Eur. J. Pharmacal. 80: 217. Ash, A. S. F., and Schild, H. O.

Spis treści

Anatomy of the gastrointestinal tract in relation to motility and secretion.- Techniques for studying gastrointestinal motility in vitro.- Motility: Methods for in vivo measurements.- Smooth muscle electrophysiology.- Electrophysiological studies of myenteric neurons in tissue culture.- Gastrointestinal nerves, hormones and autacoids in relation to human gastrointestinal motility.- Distribution of gut peptides and their actions.- Histamine and the digestive functions.- Relationships of prostaglandins to gastrointestinal motility and secretion.- Gallbladder motility and its regulation.- Histopathological findings relating to disordered motility and secretion.- Neuro-hormonal control of gastric acid secretion: The role of histamine.- Gastrointestinal mucus.- Intestinal absorption and secretion of fluid and electrolytes.- Gallbladder fluid transport.- Relationships among intestinal motility, transit and absorption.- The entero-insular axis.- Neuro-hormonal control of exocrine pancreatic secretion in humans and animals.- Acute and chronic actions of alcohol on pancreatic exocrine secretion in humans and animals.- Dopamine antagonists as anti-emetics and as stimulants of gastric motility.- Mechanisms by which metoclopramide can increase gastrointestinal motility.- Laxatives: A review of their mechanisms of action.- Lectures.- Participants.