Mechanisms of Anesthetic Action in Skeletal, Cardiac, and Smooth Muscle

ISBN-13: 9781468459814 / Angielski / Miękka / 2012 / 320 str.

Thomas J. J. Blanck; David M. Wheeler; Thomas J. J. Blanck

Opis

The volatile anesthetics continue to be one of the most mysterious yet commonly used class of drugs in medical practice today. A prominent and troublesome side effect of volatile anesthetics is their ability to alter hemodynamics. This arises from two diverse but interrelated phenomena, depression of cardiac contractility and dilation of the vasculature. These effects of volatile anesthetics on cardiac and smooth muscle plus the action of volatile anesthetics on skeletal muscle in the malignant hyperthermic syndrome have led to concern about the interaction of volatile anesthetics (and other anesthetic agents) with calcium metabolism in the muscle cell. Many of the phenomena caused by anesthetics appear to have common mechanisms in all of the muscle types; however, the differences among skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscle also lead to distinct effects of the anesthetics in each. Given the diverse research disciplines which have been brought to hear on the mechanism of anesthetic alteration of contractility, the symposium from which this book originates was convened for the purpose of gathering those with common interests in anesthetic agents and their cellular and subcellular actions in muscle. The recent symposium had its origins in a small but exciting meeting that took place at the University of Texas at Houston in 1984. At that time, Robert Merin and Jacques Chelly convened a group of people who had interest in cardiac muscle and calcium antagonists.

Spis treści

I — Skeletal Muscle.- 1. Skeletal Muscle Targets for the Action of Anesthetic Agents.- 2. Effects of Lipid-Soluble Agents on Sodium Channel Function in Normal and MH-Susceptible Skeletal Muscle Cultures.- 3. Effect of Halothane on Human Skeletal Muscle Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Calcium-Release Channel.- 4. Ca Release from Skeletal Muscle SR: Effects of Volatile Anesthetics.- 5. Halothane-Cooling Contractures and Regulation of the Myoplasmic Ca2+ Concentration in Skeletal Muscle.- 6. Interactions of Fatty Acids with the Calcium Release Channel in Malignant Hyperthermia.- Transitional Concepts (Skeletal ? Cardiac Muscle).- 7. Why Does Halothane Relax Cardiac Muscle but Contract Malignant Hyperthermic Skeletal Muscle?.- II — Cardiac Muscle.- 8. Cardiac Effects of Anesthetics.- 9. Effects of Volatile Anesthetics on the Intracellular Calcium Transient and Calcium Current in Cardiac Muscle Cells.- 10. Halothane Inhibits Binding of Calcium Channel Blockers to Cardiac Sarcolemma.- 11. Contribution of the Known Subcellular Effects of Anesthetics to Their Negative Inotropic Effect in Intact Myocardium.- 12. Effect of Volatile Anesthetics on Intracellular Ca2+ Concentration in Cardiac Muscle Cells.- 13. Effects of Volatile Anesthetics on Cardiac Sarcoplasmic Reticulum as Determined in Intact Cells.- 14. Alcohol and Anesthetic Actions on Myocardial Contractility: Evidence for a Lipophilic/Electrophilic Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Site.- 15. Volatile Anesthetics and Second Messengers in Cardiac Tissue.- 16. The Effects of Volatile Anesthetics on the Calcium Sensitivity of Cardiac Myofilaments.- 17. Evidence for a Halothane-Induced Reduction in Maximal Calcium-Activated Force in Mammalian Myocardium.- 18. Mechanisms of Negative Inotropy of Halothane, Enflurane and Isoflurane in Isolated Mammalian Ventricular Muscle.- III — Smooth Muscle.- 19. Anesthetic Effects on Vascular Smooth Muscle.- 20. Endothelium-Derived Relaxing Factor (EDRF): Production from L-Arginine.- 21. Effect of Volatile Anesthetic Agents on Endothelium-Dependent Relaxation.- 22. Cerebral Vascular Responses to Anesthetics.- 23. Interactions of Volatile Anesthetics and Reactive Oxygen Intermediates on Vascular Smooth Muscle.- 24. Isoflurane-, Halothane- and Agonist-Evoked Responses in Pig Coronary Arteries and Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells.- 25. Mechanisms of Action of Anesthetics on Inositol Phospholipid Hydrolysis in Vascular Endothelial Cells and Rat Basophilic Leukemia Cells in Tissue Culture.- 26. Direct Actions of Volatile Anesthetics on the Coronary Vasculature.- 27. Effects of the Volatile Anesthetics on the Coronary Circulation in Chronically Instrumented Dogs.- Contributors.