Measuring Methane Production from Ruminants

ISBN-13: 9789048175475 / Angielski / Miękka / 2010 / 138 str.

Harinder P.S. Makkar;Philip E. Vercoe

Opis

The world s livestock sector is amidst a major transformation, fuelled by high demand for meat and milk, which is likely to double over the next two decades in developing countries. The major driving force behind this demand for livestock products is a combination of population growth, urbanization and income growth, especially in developing countries. The challenge is to enhance animal productivity without adversely affecting the environment. A key to this is reducing methane emissions from ruminants. The major limitation to ruminant production in many tropical regions of Africa, Asia and Latin America, where a large proportion of the global ruminant population is located, is poor nutrition. The productivity of animals is restricted by the low nitrogen and high fibre content of the native grasses and crop residues, which form the basis of the diets in these regions. Animals on these types of diets emit more methane than animals fed better quality temperate forages. These methane emissions represent a loss of digestible energy to the animal (up to 15%) as well as a threat to the environment. Reducing methane production by ruminants could improve their productivity, provided the efficiency of ruminal metabolism is not compromised, and reduce their contribution to greenhouse gas emissions. The challenge is to devise nutritional strategies and identify dietary components, particularly from locally available plant resources, that reduce methane emissions."

Spis treści

Forword; Introduction; Analysis of Methane, S. Lopez and C J. Newbold; Measuring Methane Emission of Ruminants by In Vitro and In Vivo Techniques; C.R. Soliva and H.D. Hess; The SF6 Tracer Technique: Methane Measurement from Ruminants, K.A. Johnson, H.H. Westberg, J.J. Michal and M.W. Cossalman; Estimation of Ruminal Methane Production from Measurement of Volatile Fatty Acid Production, R.S. Hegarty and J.V. Nolan; Measurement of Methane Production Rate in the Rumen using Isotopic Tracers, R.S. Hegarty, R.A Leng and J.V. Nolan; Measurement of Methane from Grazing Animals: the Tunnel Method, P.J. Murray, D.C. Chadwick, C.J. Newbold and D.R. Lockyer; A Protocol for the Operation of Open-Circuit Chanmbers for Measuring Methane Output in Sheep, Y.J. Williams, L. Klein and A-D.G. Wright; Construction and Operation of Ventilated Hood Type Respiration Calorimeters for In Vivo Measurement of Methane Production and Energy Partition in Ruminants, T. Suzuki, G.J. Crabb, Takehiro Nishida, S. Indramanee and M. Kurihara.