Mathematical Theory of Economic Dynamics and Equilibria

ISBN-13: 9781461298885 / Angielski / Miękka / 2011 / 254 str.

V. L. Makarov; A. M. Rubinov; M. El-Hodiri

Opis

This book is devoted to the mathematical analysis of models of economic dynamics and equilibria. These models form an important part of mathemati cal economics. Models of economic dynamics describe the motion of an economy through time. The basic concept in the study of these models is that of a trajectory, i.e., a sequence of elements of the phase space that describe admissible (possible) development of the economy. From all trajectories, we select those that are" desirable," i.e., optimal in terms of a certain criterion. The apparatus of point-set maps is the appropriate tool for the analysis of these models. The topological aspects of these maps (particularly, the Kakutani fixed-point theorem) are used to study equilibrium models as well as n-person games. To study dynamic models we use a special class of maps which, in this book, are called superlinear maps. The theory of superlinear point-set maps is, obviously, of interest in its own right. This theory is described in the first chapter. Chapters 2-4 are devoted to models of economic dynamics and present a detailed study of the properties of optimal trajectories. These properties are described in terms of theorems on characteristics (on the existence of dual prices) and turnpike theorems (theorems on asymptotic trajectories). In Chapter 5, we state and study a model of economic equilibrium. The basic idea is to establish a theorem about the existence of an equilibrium state for the Arrow-Debreu model and a certain generalization of it."

Spis treści

1 Theory of point-set maps.- 1.1 Introductory concepts.- 1.2 Superlinear functionals and convex sets.- 1.3 Elements of the topological theory of point-set maps.- 1.4 Superlinear maps and their duals.- 2 The Neumann-Gale model.- 2.1 Formulation of the Neumann-Gale model.- 2.2 Rates of growth in the Neumann-Gale model.- 2.3 Spectral theory of superlinear maps.- 3 Optimal trajectories and their characteristics.- 3.1 A general technological model of economic dynamics.- 3.2 Characteristics of optimal trajectories.- 3.3 Characteristics of optimal trajectories in some concrete models.- 3.4 Generalized technological models.- 3.5 Characteristics of trajectories of infinite-dimensional models.- 4 Asymptotes of optimal trajectories.- 4.1 The weak turnpike theorem.- 4.2 Strong turnpike theorem.- 4.3 The strongest turnpike theorem.- 4.4 Asymptotes of trajectories of general technological models.- 5 Models of economic equilibria.- 5.1 n-person games.- 5.2 A finite-horizon model of economic equilibria.- 5.3 Competitive equilibria and optimality.- 6 Models of economic dynamics with explicit consumption.- 6.1 Definition of the general model of economic dynamics—its relation to the technological model.- 6.2 The turnpike.- 6.3 Economic equilibria on infinite intervals and U-optimal trajectories.- Historical comments and comments about the literature.- References.