Materials, Technologies and Practice in Historic Heritage Structures

ISBN-13: 9789048126835 / Angielski / Twarda / 2009 / 392 str.

Maria Bostenaru Dan; Richard Prikryl; Akos Tarak

Opis

The planners cannot go out today from a tabula rasa situation anymore. Environmental and sustainability issues have already formed the public idea that a 'greenbelt' of our cities is necessary, a kind of fortification leading to intensive development in towns inside a clearly delimited area within the surrounding nature. Since building on the periphery is limited, and the existing built substance has a certain cultural, architectural or at least environmental value, upgrading of existing buildings gains more and more ground from the design of new buildings. Masonry has been already recognised as construction material par excellence for historic structures. Reinforced concrete has not been yet. The reason for this may lay in the fact that concrete has not been employed for long, thus buildings with concrete structure are generally regarded as not old enough to be considered historical. But the International Council on Monuments and Sites at a joined seminar with UNESCO and the International Centre for the Study of the Preservation and Restoration of Cultural Property in 1995 in Helsinki deemed the systematic documentation of the 20th century heritage, when these buildings were raised. The book includes chapters on these components of the building stock which have not been covered by previous studies, with architectural or cultural value. Special attention was given to a recommendation of the ICOMOS seminar in Helsinki, which concerns encouraging research programmes on specific problems concerning techniques and materials in restoration work, taking into consideration their aesthetic qualities. ICOMOS members are authoring chapters in the book."

Spis treści

Preface. About the editors. List of contributors. 1. Introduction; Maria Bostenaru Dan. Part I: Adobe and bricks. 2. Technology of rammed-earth constructions ('Tapial') in Andalusia (Spain): their restoration and conservation; Eduardo Sebastián, Giuseppe Cultrone. 3. Ancient clay bricks: manufacture and properties; Francisco M. Fernandes et al. 4. The My Son temples in Vietnam: construction techniques and structural issues; Paola Condoleo. Part II: Natural stone. 5. The white and coloured marbles of the Roman theatre of Copia (Cosenza, Italy); Lorenzo Lazzarini et al. 6. Black 'marble': the characteristic material in the Baroque architecture of Cracow (Poland); Mariola Marszalek, Andrzej Skowróski. 7. Understanding the long-term survival of sandstone in medieval ecclesiastical structures: Northern Ireland and Western Scotland; Stephen McCabe, Bernie J. Smith. 8. The city of Dresden in the mirror of its building stones: utilization of natural stone at façades in the course of time; Heiner Siedel. 9. Determination of source areas of natural stones: a methodology approach applied to impure crystalline limestones; Aneta St'astná, Richard Prikryl. 10. In situ methods of testing stone monuments and the application of nondestructive physical properties testing in masonry diagnosis; Ãkos Török. Part III: Binders, concrete and mixed materials. 11. The use of lime mortars in restoration work on architectural heritage; Ana Luque et al. 12. The Basilica of Maxentius and its construction materials; Carlo Giavarini. 13. Characterization of ancient pozzolanic mortars from Roman times to the 19th century: compatibility issues of new mortars with substrates and ancient mortars; Ana Luísa Velosa etal. 14. Roman cements: key materials of the built heritage of the 19th century; Roman Kozlowski et al. 15. Historic mortars and plasters as a material for age determination; Danuta Nawrocka et al. 16. Reinforced concrete constructions at the beginning of the 20th century: historical review and structural assessment; Mauro Mezzina et al. Part IV: Monitoring the seismic risk. 17. Heritage masonry buildings and reduction of seismic risk: the case of Slovenia; Miha Tomaževic. 18. Acoustic emission monitoring of the Cathedral of Palma de Mallorca (Spain); Luis Miguel Suárez del Río et al. Index.

Blurb

One distinct feature of human society since the dawn of civilization is the systematic use of inorganic building materials, such as natural stone, unburnt and burnt soil, adobe and brick, inorganic binders like lime and cement, and reinforced concrete. Our heritage has cultural, architectural and technological value and preserving such structures is a key issue today. Planners and conservation scientists need detailed site surveys and analyses to create a database that will serve to guide subsequent actions. One factor in this knowledge base is an understanding of how historic materials were prepared and the crucial properties that influence their long-term behaviour. Any assessment of the way such materials perform must crucially be based on an understanding of the methods used for their analysis.
The editors here add to the knowledge base treating the materials used in historic structures, their properties, technology of use and conservation, and their performance in a changing environment. The book draws together 18 chapters dealing with the inorganic materials used in historic structures, such as adobe, brick, stone, mortars, concrete and plasters. The approach is complex, covering material characterisation as well as several case studies of historic structures from Europe, including Germany, Ireland, Italy, Poland, Portugal, Scotland, Slovenia and Spain, and the My Sõn Temples in Vietnam. An equally important component of the book covers the analysis of materials, together with a treatment of sustainable development, such as the protection of monuments from earthquakes and climate change.

The authors are all leading international experts, drawn from a variety of backgrounds: architecture, civil engineering, conservation science, geology and material science, with close links to professional organisations such as ICOMOS or universities and research centres throughout Europe.

Audience: This book will be of interest to geologists, engineers, restorers, consulting engineers, designers and other professionals dealing with cultural heritage and sustainable development. Also graduate students in applied geo-science (mineralogy, geochemistry, petrology), architecture and civil engineering will find interesting information in this book.