Marine Coastal and Water Pollutions: Oil Spill Studies

ISBN-13: 9781848216921 / Angielski / Twarda / 2014 / 144 str.

Opis

Identifying efficient solutions to protect coastal regions from marine pollution requires expertise from a range of specialties and strategic approaches. This book gathers information on the impact of oil spills at a coastal level from different experts' points of view, identifying synergies between domains such as mathematics, numerical modeling, mechanics, biology, economics and law. The collaborative research presented here is based on the 4th International Workshop on Anti-Pollution and Marine Coastal Water Pollution, held in La Rochelle, France at the Engineering School EIGSI, in April 2012. The areas addressed include: materials and structures (fluid-structure and capture interaction, cable and membrane equations, optimization); coastal hydrodynamics (computational fluid dynamics, numerical analysis of shallow water equations, analytical and numerical derivatives); biological impacts (biology, multivariate analysis, indicators); and economics and law (compensation costs, insurance coverage, coastal vulnerability).

Spis treści

PREFACE ix

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xi

INTRODUCTION xiii

AUTHOR BIOGRAPHIES xvii

CHAPTER 1. SESSION 1: STRUCTURES, MATERIALS AND THE ENVIRONMENT 1
Frédéric MUTTIN, Daniel PRIOUR and Rodrigo FERNANDES.

1.1. FEM modeling of flexible structures made of cables bars and nets 1

1.1.1. Introduction 1

1.1.2. Details of study 2

1.2. Oil–boom models and full–scale tests 5

1.2.1. Introduction 5

1.2.2. Details of study 6

1.3. Oil–Spill MOHID models 11

1.3.1 Introduction 11

1.3.2. Details of study 11

1.4. References 16

CHAPTER 2. SESSION 2: HYDRODYNAMIC MODELING AND DIFFUSION OF THE POLLUTANT 19
Frédéric MUTTIN, Mario RICCHIUTO, Imène Meriem MOSTEFAOUI, Mohktar KIRANE, Cédric GOEURY and Jean–Michel HERVOUET

2.1. Numerical anomalies in shallow water simulations, spurious oscillations, equilibria, super–consistency
and mass consistency 19

2.1.1. Introduction 19

2.1.2. Details of study 20

2.1.3. Reference works 25

2.2. A model describing the number of antibiotic–resistant bacteria in rivers 25

2.2.1. Introduction 25

2.3. Numerical modeling of oil spill drifts for operational management of risks in continental waters 31

2.3.1. Introduction 31

2.3.2. Details of study 32

2.4. References 36

CHAPTER 3. ROUND–TABLE 1: SUMMARY OF STRUCTURES AND HYDRODYNAMIC SESSIONS 1 2 39
Frédéric MUTTIN

3.1. Objectives of the attendees 39

3.2. Topics addressed 41

3.3. Costs and complexity of available field measurements 43

3.4. References 44

CHAPTER 4. SESSION 3: BIOLOGY TOXICOLOGY AND COASTAL SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS 47
Frédéric MUTTIN, Laurent APRIN, Thomas MILINKOVITCH, Christel LEFRANÇOIS, Hélène THOMAS–GUYON, Stéphane LEFLOCH, Céline DUFFA and Hervé THÉBAULT

4.1. Evaluation of the consequences of marine chemical accidents 47

4.1.1. Introduction 47

4.1.2. Details of study 48

4.2. Response technique for oil spills and environmental risk: toxicity of dispersant application in nearshore areas on Liza aurata (Golden grey mullet) 54

4.2.1. Introduction 54

4.2.2. Details of study 55

4.3. Sensitivity of French Mediterranean coastal zones against accidental pollutions caused by ships 59

4.3.1. Introduction 59

4.3.2. Details of study 61

4.4. References 65

CHAPTER 5. SESSION 4: ECONOMY AND LAWS, SOCIO–ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL SENSITIVITIES, JUDICAL ASPECTS, CIVIL AND PENAL CHARGES FOR POLLUTION 67
Frédéric MUTTIN, Paul FATTAL and Yann RABUTEAU

5.1. Reflections on coastline vulnerability indicators dedicated to hydrocarbon pollutions 67

5.1.1. Introduction 67

5.2. Liability and compensation regarding oil spills at sea: the case of coastal communities 72

5.2.1. Introduction 72

5.2.2. Details of study 72

5.2.3. Related works 76

5.3. References 77

CHAPTER 6. ROUND–TABLE 2: SUMMARY OF CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL IMPACTS, ECONOMY AND LAWS, SESSIONS 3 4 79
Frédéric MUTTIN

6.1. Topics addressed 80

6.2. Socio–economic analysis of coastal risks 81

CHAPTER 7. MODELING A CAPTIVE UNMANNED AERIAL SYSTEM TELEDETECTING OIL POLLUTION ON THE SEA SURFACE 83
Frédéric MUTTIN

7.1. Introduction 83

7.2. Materials 85

7.3. Method 87

7.4. Approximation of the problem 89

7.5. Results 91

7.5.1. Finite–element convergence 91

7.5.2. Analytic validation 92

7.5.3. Transient loading 96

7.6. Conclusions 98

7.7. References 98

GENERAL CONCLUSION 101

LIST OF AUTHORS 103

INDEX 105