Marijuana and the Cannabinoids

ISBN-13: 9781588294562 / Angielski / Twarda / 2006 / 336 str.

Mahmoud A. Elsohly

Opis

Although primarily used today as one of the most prevalent illicit leisure drugs, the use of Cannabis sativa L., commonly referred to as marijuana, for medicinal purposes has been reported for more than 5000 years. Marijuana use has been shown to create numerous health problems, and, consequently, the expanding use beyond medical purposes into recreational use (abuse) resulted in control of the drug through international treaties. Much research has been carried out over the past few decades following the identification of the chemical structure of THC in 1964. The purpose of Marijuana and the Cannabinoids is to present in a single volume the comprehensive knowledge and experience of renowned researchers and scientists. Each chapter is written independently by an expert in his/her field of endeavor, ranging from the botany, the constituents, the chemistry and pharmacokinetics, the effects and consequences of illicit use on the human body, to the therapeutic potential of the cannabinoids.

Recenzje

From the reviews:

"This book is an excellent reference and essential reading for all toxicologists, drug chemists, and researchers working in the field of marijuana: medical doctors who are prescribing or thinking of prescribing cannabinoids; and police officers who are giving expert testimony on marijuana in court." -Canadian Society of Forensic Science Journal

"This book summarizes the information available from research ... on the chemical constituents of cannabis. Both physiological effects of illicit drug use and medical aspects are covered in 14 chapters by different authors. ... The technical aspects are addressed to individuals pursuing research in these areas. ... Each chapter is well referenced. ... chapters are well written and organized and the book fulfills the purpose of bringing the reader up to date on current research on cannabis and the uses of marijuana as a drug." (Stata Norton, Doody's Review Service, March, 2007)

Spis treści

Chapter 1. Cannabis and Natural Cannabis Medicines David P. Watson and Robert C. Clarke Introduction Life Cycle and Ecology Field Crop Production Glasshouse and Grow Room Production Resin Gland Anatomy and Development Cannabinoid and Terpenoid Biosynthesis Medical Values of Terpenes Cannabis' Origin, Domestication and Dispersal The Cannabis Species Debate Drug Cannabis Breeding The Introduction of 'Indica' Advances in Medical Cannabis Research The Future of Medical Cannabis Conclusion References Chapter 2. Chemistry and Analysis of Phytocannabinoids and Other Cannabis Constituents Rudolf Brenneisen Chemistry of Phytocannabinoids and Non-Cannabinoid-Type Constituents Phytocannabinoids Introduction Chemistry THC Potency Trends THC in Hemp Seed Products Non-cannabinoid-type Constituents Terpenoids Hydrocarbons Nitrogen-containing Compounds Carbohydrates Flavonoids Fatty Acids Non-cannabinoid Phenols Simple Alcohols, Aldehydes, Ketones, Acids, Esters, Lactones Other Pharmacological Characteristics of Cannabinoids and Other Cannabis Constituents Analysis of Phytocannabinoids Microscopy Color Reactions Chromatographic Techniques Thin-layer Chromatography Gas Chromatography, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) Other Techniques DNA testing References Chapter 3. Chemical Fingerprinting as a Means of Source Identification Mahmoud A. ElSohly, Donald F. Stanford, and Timothy P. Murphy Introduction Chemometrics Chemical Constituents of Cannabis Experimental Design Methodology Extraction GC/MS Analysis Multivariate Data Analysis Results of Phase II Study Similarities Within the Model Identification of Unknowns Indoor Vs. Outdoor Daughter Plants Grown in a Different Region Age and Sex Storage Conditions Hashish 'Silver Bullet' Theory Conclusions Acknowledgements References Chapter 4. Marijuana Smoke Condensate: Chemistry and Pharmacology Hala N. ElSohly and Mahmoud A. ElSohly Introduction Preparation Production of Smoke Condensate Fractionation and Analysis of Marijuana Smoke Condensate Pharmacological and Toxicological Activities Behavioral Activity Mutagenicity Pulmonary Hazards Interaction with Estrogen Receptor Inhibition of Dihydrotestosterone Binding to the Androgen Receptor References Chapter 5. Pharmacology of Cannabinoids Lionel P. Raymon and H. Chip Walls Introduction Endogenous Ligands Cannabinoid Receptors Effects of Cannabinoids on Motor Coordination Cortical Areas Basal Ganglia and Cerebellum Effects of Cannabinoids on the Limbic System Hippocampus and Memory Impairment Amygdala and Behavioral Effects Hypothalamus and Neuroendocrine Effects Cannabinoids and Analgesia Cannabinoids and Addiction Cannabinoids and Cardiovascular Effects Cannabinoids and Immunomodulation Conclusions References Chapter 6. The Endocannabinoid System and the Therapeutic Potential of Cannabinoids Billy R. Martin Introduction Endocannabinoid System Appetite Emesis Pain Drug Dependence Summary References Chapter 7. Immunoassays for the Detection of Cannabis Abuse: Technologies, Development Strategies, and Multi-Level Applications Jane Tsai Introduction Commonly-Used Immunoassays for Drugs of Abuse Screening Homogeneous Competitive Immunoassays Heterogeneous Competitive Immunoassays Point-of-Collection Drug Immunoassays Cannabinoids Immunoassays Cannabi