Mapping Our Ancestors: Phylogenetic Approaches in Anthropology and Prehistory

ISBN-13: 9780202307503 / Angielski / Twarda / 2005 / 372 str.

Carl P. Lipo; Michael J. O'Brien; Mark Collard

Opis

Much of what we are comes from our ancestors. Through cultural and biological inheritance mechanisms, our genetic composition, instructions for constructing artifacts, the structure and content of languages, and rules for behavior are passed from parents to children and from individual to individual. Mapping Our Ancestors demonstrates how various genealogical or "phylogenetic" methods can be used both to answer questions about human history and to build evolutionary explanations for the shape of history.Anthropologists are increasingly turning to quantitative phylogenetic methods. These methods depend on the transmission of information regardless of mode and as such are applicable to many anthropological questions. In this way, phylogenetic approaches have the potential for building bridges among the various subdisciplines of anthropology; an exciting prospect indeed. The structure of Mapping Our Ancestors reflects the editors' goal of developing a common understanding of the methods and conditions under which ancestral relations can be derived in a range of data classes of interest to anthropologists. Specifically, this volume explores the degree to which patterns of ancestry can be determined from artifactual, genetic, linguistic, and behavioral data and how processes such as selection, transmission, and geography impact the results of phylogenetic analyses.Mapping Our Ancestors provides a solid demonstration of the potential of phylogenetic methods for studying the evolutionary history of human populations using a variety of data sources and thus helps explain how cultural material, language, and biology came to be as they are.

Spis treści

1: Introduction; 1: Cultural Phylogenies and Explanation: Why Historical Methods Matter; 2: Fundamentals and Methods; 2: What is a Culturally Transmitted Unit, and How Do We Find One?; 3: Cultural Traits and Linguistic Trees: Phylogenetic Signal in East Africa; 4: Branching versus Blending in Macroscale Cultural Evolution: A Comparative Study; 5: Sedation and Cladistics: The Difference between Anagenetic and Cladogenetic Evolution; 6: The Resolution of Cultural Phylogenies Using Graphs; 7: Measuring Relatedness; 3: Biology; 8: Phylogenetic Techniques and Methodological Lessons from Bioarchaeology; 9: Phylogeography of Archaeological Populations: A Case Study from Rapa Nui (Easter Island); 4: Culture; 10: Tracking Culture-Historical Lineages: Can “Descent with Modification” be Linked to “Association by Descent”?; 169: Cultural Transmission, Phylogenetics, and the Archaeological Record; 12: Using Cladistics to Construct Lineages of Projectile Points from Northeastern Missouri; 13: Reconstructing the Flow of Information across Time and Space: A Phylogenetic Analysis of Ceramic Traditions from Prehispanic Western and Northern Mexico and the American Southwest; 14: Archaeological-Materials Characterization as Phylogenetic Method: The Case of Copador Pottery from Southeastern Mesoamerica; 5: Language; 15: The Spread of Bantu Languages, Farming, and Pastoralism in Sub-Equatorial Africa; 16: Are Accurate Dates an Intractable Problem for Historical Linguistics?; 6: Concluding Remarks; 17: Afterword

O autorze

Stephen Shennan