1. Social Transformation and Child Development in South Africa 2. A Brief History of Institutional Racism in South Africa 3. Urban Poverty and Living Standards 4. The Decline of Political Violence 5. Rising Family and Community Violence 6. Physical Growth and Social Development 7. Self-Regulation of Attention, Behavior, and Emotions 8. Urban Households and Family Relationships 9. Family Influences on Socioemotional Development 10. Poverty and Child Development 11. The Impact of Violence on Children 12. Comparing the social development of South African, Ugandan, and African American Children 13. Between Hope and Peril: Adaptive Families, Resilient Children 14. Addressing the Needs of Children