Managing Coastal and Inland Waters: Pre-Existing Aquatic Management Systems in Southeast Asia

ISBN-13: 9789401780605 / Angielski / Miękka / 2014 / 188 str.

Kenneth Ruddle;Arif Satria

Opis

Besides the erroneous assumption that tropical fisheries are open access, the cases demonstrate that pre-existing systems (1) are concerned with the community of fishers and ensuring community harmony and continuity; (2) involve flexible, multiple and overlapping rights adapted to changing needs and circumstances; (3) that fisheries are just one component of a community resource assemblage and depend on both the good management of linked upstream ecosystems and risk management to ensure balanced nutritional resources of the community; and (4) pre-existing systems are greatly affected by a constellation of interacting external pressures."

Spis treści

1. An Introduction to Pre-Existing Local Management Systems in Southeast Asia.- 1.1 Introduction.- 1.2 Why Pre-Existing Systems are Overlooked.- 1.3 Geographical Distribution of Pre-Existing Fisheries Management Systems.- 1.4 Status of Information on Pre-Existing Systems in Southeast Asia.- 1.4.1 Indonesia.- 1.4.2 Laos.- 1.4.3 Philippines.- 1.4.4 Thailand.- 1.4.5 Vietnam.- 1.5 Management Functions and Approaches.- 1.6 Basic Design Principles of Pre-Existing Systems.- 1.6.1 Authority or Leadership.- 1.6.2 Rights.- 1.6.3 Rules.- 1.6.4 Monitoring, Accountability & Enforcement.- 1.6.5 Sanctions.- 1. 7 Success Stories.- 1.8 Contents of this Book.- 1.9 References.- 2. Pre-Existing Fisheries Management Systems in Indonesia, Focusing on Lombok and Maluku.- 2.1 Introduction.- 2.2 The Awig-Awig of North Lombok.- 2.2.1 The Sawen System.- 2.2.2 Awig-Awig: Revitalization of Sawen.- 2.2.2.1 The Protection of Marine Fisheries Resources: Fishers’ Council of Northern Lombok.- 2.2.2.2 Prevention of Destructive Fishing Practices: The Awig-Awig Sari Laut, Bayan Sub-District.- 2.2.2.3 Coral Reef Management and Prohibiting Destructive Fishing.- 2.3 The Maluku Case.- 2.3.1 Petuanan Laut.- 2.3.2 Sasi.- 2.3.2.2 An Interpretation of Sasi.- 2.4 Institutional Performance.- 2.4.1 Clearly Defined Territorial Boundary.- 2.4.2 Legitimacy and Enforceability of Rules .- 2.4.3 Monitoring.- 2.4.4 Graduated Sanctions.- 2.4.5 Legitimate Authority.- 2.5 National Policy on Pre-Existing Fisheries Management.- 2.6 Conclusions.- 2.7 References.- 3. Open To All? Reassessing Capture Fisheries Tenure Systems in Southern Laos.- 3.1 Introduction.- 3.1.1 The Tragedy of The Commons.- 3.2. The Fisheries.- 3.2.1: Fence-Filter (Tone) and Wing Traps (Li) in The Mekong River.- 3.2.2 Khone Falls Tone Trap Fishery.- 3.2.3 Khone Falls Li Fishery.- 3.2.4 Khone Falls Tone and Li Tenure.- 3.2.5 Fence-Filter Trap (Tone) and Wing-Trap (Li) Fishing Along Seasonal and Perennial Streams.- 3.2.5.1 Stream Tone and LiFisheries.- 3.2.5.2 Stream Tone and Li Tenure.- 3.2.6 Pit-Trap (Loum Pa) Fishing in Swamps.- 3.2.6.1 Pit-Trap Tenure.- 3.3 The Nature of Tenure and Governance.- 3.4 Conclusions.- 3.5 Acknowledgements.- 3.6 References.- 4. Seasonal Ritual and the Regulation of Fishing In Batanes Province, Philippines.- 4.1 Introduction.- 4.2 Indigenous or ‘Pre-Existing’ Marine Resources Property Rights Regimes in The Philippines.- 4.2.1 The Tagbanua Model.- 4.2.2 The Visayan Fishers’ Model.- 4.2.3 The Mataw Fishers of Batanes Province.- 4.2.3.1 The Vanua as Meaningful Unit of Organization.- 4.2.3.2 Inside the Vanua: Leadership, ‘Laws’ And Ritual Regulation of Seasonal Fishing Activities.- 4.2.3.3 The Fishing Schedule and the Community Economy.- 4.3 Conclusion.- 4.4 Acknowledgements.- 4.5 References.- 5. Pre-Existing Inland Fisheries Management in Thailand: The Case of the Lower Songkhram River Basin.- 5.1 Introduction.- 5.1.1 The Lower Songkhram River Basin.- 5.1.2 Fisheries in the LSRB.- 5.1.3 Occupation and Dependency on Fisheries.- 5.1.4 Fisheries Household Economics.- 5.1.5 Fishers’ Perception of the Condition of Fisheries Resources.- 5.2 Property Rights System in Fisheries Management in the LSRB.- 5.2.1 Customary Rights Over Fishing Grounds.- 5.2.2 Returning Rights from Private to Common Property in Barrage Fishing.- 5.2.3 The Barrage Fishery: Local Institutions Governing a Common Property.- 5.2.4 Conflict Between Local and Legal Rights in Fisheries Management.- 5.2.5 Degree of Traditional of Collective Action and Decision Making.- 5.3 Fishers’ Perception of Collective Action and Responsibility for Fisheries Management.- 5.3.1 Attitudes of Fishers Toward Leadership.- 5.3.2 Customary Rules: Community Management of Fisheries Resources.- 5.3.2.1 Local Communities Establish Local Fishery Rules to Manage Community Ponds.- 5.3.2.2 Local Community Establishment of Fish Conservation Zones.- 5.4 Conclusion.- 5.5 Acknowledgements.- 5.6 References.- 6. Vietnam: The Van Chai

Blurb

This book examines pre-existing management systems in fishing communities in Indonesia, Laos, the Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam. Besides the erroneous assumption that tropical fisheries are ‘open access’, the cases demonstrate that pre-existing systems (1) are concerned with the community of fishers and ensuring community harmony and continuity; (2) involve flexible, multiple and overlapping rights adapted to changing needs and circumstances; (3) that fisheries are just one component of a community resource assemblage and depend on both the good management of linked upstream ecosystems and risk management to ensure balanced nutritional resources of the community; and (4) pre-existing systems are greatly affected by a constellation of interacting external pressures.The cases presented in “Managing Coastal and Inland Waters” demonstrate that good management systems must account for such cultural, ecological, economic, political and social context factors to achieve their goals.