Management of Acute Kidney Problems

ISBN-13: 9783540694137 / Angielski / Twarda / 2009 / 678 str.

Achim Jarres; Claudio Ronco; Ed. John A. Kellum

Opis

Acute kidney failure is an important clinical area in the intensive care unit setting. An estimated 5-20% of critically ill patients experience an episode of acute kidney failure during the course of their illness, and about 5% of patients admitted to an ICU will eventually require renal replacement therapy. In these patients, in-hospital mortality is extremely high, exceeding 50%. Thus, the early detection and causal treatment of acute kidney problems is vitally important for a successful outcome. Written by internationally renowned experts, this clinical reference offers helpful advice with the most recent information on the definition, epidemiology, pathophysiology, and clinical causes of acute kidney failure as a fundamental prerequisite for prevention of this disorder. Moreover, it also covers differential diagnostic approaches for patients with acute renal failure and provides a detailed outline of important measures for their clinical management. Finally, separate chapters are dedicated to various key aspects related to the adequate delivery of acute renal replacement therapy. It is intended as a helpful guide for all clinicians involved in the care of patients at risk of developing acute kidney problems.

Recenzje

From the reviews:

"This is an up-to-date book on the definition, epidemiology, pathophysiology, and clinical causes of acute kidney injury. ... a helpful resource for physicians practicing in the intensive care unit setting. From internists to critical care specialists, this book provides a starting point for clinical management. ... Multiple colorful tables and figures enhance the text. ... I would recommend it ... for those with frequent exposure to patients with acute kidney disease." (Jon Webb, Doody's Review Service, August, 2010)

Spis treści

A. General Considerations 1. Introduction 2. Definition and Classification of Acute Kidney Failure 3. Overview of Pathophysiology, Etiology and Epidemiology 3.1. Mechanisms of Kidney Injury and Repair 3.2. Uremic Toxins 3.2. Pre-renal Acute Kidney Failure 3.3. Intrinsic Acute Kidney Failure 3.4. Urinary Tract Obstruction 3.5. Epidemiology and Economical Impact 4. Diagnostic Evaluation and Procedures 4.1. Clinical Evaluation 4.2. Laboratory Investigation 4.3. Kidney Function Tests and Urinalysis 4.4. Radiography 4.5. Ultrasonography 4.6. Kidney biopsy 5. Prevention and Conservative Therapy of Acute Kidney Failure 5.1. Volume Resuscitation and Management 5.1. Electrolyte Homeostasis 5.3. Acid-Base Balance 5.2. Monitoring and Management of Systemic Hemodynamics 5.3. Correction of Anaemia 5.4. Nutrition and Metabolism 5.5. Glucose and Insulin 5.6. Bleeding and Hemostasis 5.7. Neurological Problems 5.8. Gastrointestinal Complications 5.9. Cardiovascular Complications 5.10. Specific Interventions / Drugs 6. Indications to Start Kidney Replacement Therapy 7. Long-term Outcome of Acute Kidney Failure B. Diagnosis and Management of Specific Disorders 1. Acute Kidney Failure in Sepsis 2. Cardiogenic Shock and Acute Kidney Failure 3. Acute Kidney Problems in Congestive Heart Failure 4. Hepato-Renal Syndrome 5. ARDS and Kidney Failure 6. Toxic Nephropathy due to Drugs and Poisons 7. Toxic Nephropathy due to Radio Contrast Media 8. Acute Glomerulonephritis, Vascultis, and Pulmo-Renal Syndromes 9. Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome / Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura 10. AcuteInterstitial Nephritis 11. Myoglobinuric Acute Kidney Failure 12. Tropical Infections and Acute Kidney Failure 13. AIDS and Acute Kidney Failure 14. Acute Kidney Failure in Hematological Disorders and Tumor Lysis Syndrome 15. Acute Kidney Failure follwing Cardiovascular Surgery 16. Polytrauma and Acute Kidney Failure 17. Burns and Acute Kidney Failure 18. Acute Kidney Transplant Failure 19. Acute Kidney Failure during Pregnancy and Post Partum 20. Acute Kidney Failure in Children C. Temporary Replacement of Kidney Function 1. Principles of Extracorporeal Blood Purification: Hemodialysis, Hemofiltration, Hemodiafiltration 2. Membranes for Dialysis and Hemofiltration 3. Dialysates and Substitution Fluids 4. Intermittent Hemodialysis 5. Continuous Renal Replacement Therapies 6. SLEDD and SCUF 7. Quantifying the Dose of Acute Kidney Replacement Therapy 7. Adequacy and Dosing of Acute Kidney Replacement Therapy 8. Anticoagulation for Acute Dialysis 9. Vascular Access for Acute Dialysis 10. Principles and Practice of Acute Peritoneal Dialysis 11. Choosing a Therapy Modality for Acute Kidney Replacement Therapy 12. Stopping Acute Kidney Replacement Therapy D. Management of Specific Issues 1. Anaesthesia in Patients with Acute Kidney Failure 2. Drug Dosing in Acute Kidney Failure and During Kidney Replacement Therapy 3. Acute Kidney Replacement Therapy In Children 4. Extracorporeal Therapies for Non-Renal Indications 4.1. Extracorporeal Therapies and Immunomodulation During Sepsis 4.2. Extracorporeal Liver Support 4.3. Extracorporeal Removal of Drugs and Toxins

Blurb

Acute kidney failure is an important clinical area in the intensive care unit setting. An estimated 5–20% of critically ill patients experience an episode of acute kidney failure during the course of their illness, and about 5% of patients admitted to an ICU will eventually require renal replacement therapy. In these patients, in-hospital mortality is extremely high, exceeding 50%. Thus, the early detection and causal treatment of acute kidney problems is vitally important for a successful outcome. Written by internationally renowned experts, this clinical reference offers helpful advice with the most recent information on

• definition
• epidemiology
• pathophysiology
• clinical causes of acute kidney failure
• differential diagnostic approaches for patients with acute renal failure
• various key aspects related to the adequate delivery of acute renal replacement therapy

It also gives a detailed outline of important measures for their clinical management. This reference is intended as a helpful guide for all clinicians involved in the care of patients at risk of developing acute kidney problems.