Managed Ecosystems and CO2: Case Studies, Processes, and Perspectives

ISBN-13: 9783642068355 / Angielski / Miękka / 2010 / 459 str.

Josef Nösberger;S.P. Long;R.J. Norby

Opis

Managed ecosystems cover a large part of the Earth's land surface, provide almost all of our food and most of our wood and fibre, and are increasingly a source of renewable energy. Forecasting the ability of managed ecosystems to continue these vital roles in a globally changing environment is an inter-disciplinary challenge. To elucidate the complex responses of managed systems to elevated CO₂], several free air carbon dioxide enrichment (FACE) facilities were established. These FACE systems allow large areas to be exposed to the elevated CO₂] we expect by the middle of the century. This volume summarizes the main findings from 13 experiments with annual crops, permanent pastures and plantation forests at 11 sites throughout the world during the past ten years. The results significantly alter our perception of how rising CO₂] will directly affect these managed ecosystems, with implications for policy, plant-breeding objectives and adaptation.

Recenzje

From the reviews:

"Nösberger at al. have compiled the current experimental knowledge of the effects of atmospheric CO₂ enrichment on managed ecosystems. ... As an overall judgement, 'Management Ecosystems and CO₂' can be recommended for anybody concerned with CO₂ enrichment effects, from graduate students to senior researchers, as a valuable source of recent information. Reading also leaves some space to think about how we can further improve our knowledge." (Andreas Fangmeier, Basic and Applied Ecology, Issue 8, 2007)

Spis treści

Part A Introduction 1. Introduction J. Nösberger, S. P. Long 2. FACE Technology: Past, Present and Future G. R. Hendrey, F. Miglietta Part B Case Studies 3. The Effects of Free-Air [CO2] Enrichment on Cotton, Wheat, and Sorghum B. A. Kimball 4. SoyFACE: The effects and interactions of elevated [CO2] and [O3] on soybean DR Ort et al. 5. Paddy rice responses to free-air [CO2] enrichment Kazuhiko KOBAYASHI, Masumi OKADA, Han Yong KIM, Mark Lieffering, Shu MIURA, and Toshihiro HASEGAWA 6. Response of potatoes to elevated [CO2 ] M. Bindi, F. Miglietta, F. Vaccari, E. Magliulo, A. Giuntoli 7. Responses of an arable crop rotation system to elevated [CO2] H.J Weigel, R Manderscheid, S Burkart, A Pacholski, O Heinemeyer 8. Short- and long-term responses of permanent grassland to elevated [CO2] A. Lüscher, U. Aeschlimann, M. Schneider and H. Blum, 9.Grazed grassland P.C.D. Newton, V. Allard, R.A. Carran, M.Lieffering 10. Responses to elevated [CO2] of a short rotation, multispecies poplar plantation: The POPFACE/EUROFACE experiment G. Scarascia-Mugnozza et al. 11.The [CO2]response of a temperate coniferous woodland: The Duke Forest FACE experiment W. H. Schlesinger et al. 12. Impacts of elevated atmospheric [CO2] and [O3] on northern temperate forest ecosystems: Results from the Aspen FACE experiment D. F. Karnosky, K. S. Pregitzer 13. Free-air [CO2] enrichment of a deciduous forest: The Oak Ridge Sweetgum experiment R. J. Norby, S. D. Wullschleger, P. J. Hanson, C. A. Gunderson, T. J. Tschaplinski, J. D.Jastrow Part C Processes 14. Long term responses of photosynthesis and stomata to elevated [CO2] in managed systems Stephen P. Long, Elizabeth A. Ainsworth, Carl J. Bernacchi, Philip A. Davey, Graham J. Hymus, Andrew D.B. Leakey, Patrick B. Morgan and Colin P. Osborne 15. Carbon partitioning and respiration – their control and role in plants at high [CO2] PW Hill, JF Farrar, EL Boddy, AM Gray, DL Jones 16. The response of foliar carbohydrates to elevated [CO2] A. Rogers, E. A. Ainsworth 17. Evapotranspiration, canopy temperature, and plant water relations B.A. Kimball, C. J. Bernacchi 18. Biological nitrogen fixation: A key process for the response of grassland ecosystems to elevated atmospheric [CO2] U.A. Hartwig, M. J. Sadowski 19. Effects of elevated [CO2] and management on competition in temperate grassland model ecosystems A. Lüscher, U. Aeschlimann 20. The potential of genomics and genetics in Free Air Carbon Dioxide Enrichment experiments Gail Taylor, P. J. Tricker, Laura E Graham, M. J Tallis, Anne M Rae, Harriet Trewin, Nathaniel R. Street 21. Soil C and N dynamics in managed ecosystems under elevated atmospheric [CO2] K.-J. van Groenigen, M.-A. de Graaf, J. Six, D. Harris, P. Kuikman, C. van Kessel 22. The influence of elevated [CO2] on genotypic and phenotypic diversity of root and soil bacterial communities S. Tarnawski, M. Aragno 23. Increases in atmospheric [CO2] and the soil food web D. A. Phillips, T.C. Fox, H. Ferris, J. C. Moore Part D Perspectives 24. FACE value. Perspectives on the future of Free-Air [CO2] Enrichment studies A. Rogers, E.A. Ainsworth, C. Kammann