Man-Made and Natural Radioactivity in Environmental Pollution and Radiochronology

ISBN-13: 9781402018602 / Angielski / Twarda / 2004 / 416 str.

Richard Tykva; Dieter Berg

Opis

Radioactivity can be detected at different levels in almost all objects all over the world, including the human body. This omnipresence of naturally occurring radioactivity is of immediate and crucial concern to people who work in the nuclear industry, to state and local authorities responsible for environmental protection and control of nuclear weapons, and to researchers as physics (e. g., interaction in scientific and technological disciplines, such of radiation with matter), chemistry (e. g., management of radioactive wastes), biology Ce. g., radiation bioeffects and risks), ecology (e. g., remediation of environmental pollution), electronics (e. g., measurement instruments), etc. Unlike other environmental pollutants, such as heavy metals and pesticides, some other scientific disciplines, for example, archaeology, hydrology and geology, profit by the environmental radionuclides, using methods based on their application in radiochronology. The basic goal of this book is to exarnine the complex state of radioactivity in the environment, including its sources and applications. In principle, there are two sources of environmental radioactivity, namely man made and natural. The authors of this book set out to analyze mainly empirie al aspects of the activities of both groups. On one hand, a detailed analysis of the sources releasing radionuclides into the environment by human activities should, while describing environmental pollution and its dangers, contribute to its decrease in the future."

Spis treści

1: Basic terms of radioactivity; R. Tykva. 1. Development of our knowledge. 2. Nuclides. 3. Characterization of radionuclides. 4. Activity expressions. 5. Doses. 2: Radionuclides in the environment; D. Berg. 1. Naturally occurring radionuclides in the environment. 2. Artificially produced radionuclides. 3. Behaviour of radioactive substances in the environment. 3: Radionuclides released into the environment; D. Berg. 1. Contamination of the environment by naturally occurring radionuclides. 2. Contamination by artificially produced radionuclides. 4: Application of environmental radionuclides in radiochronology; J. Kosler, J. Silar, E. Jelínek. 1. General concept of the radiochronology; J. Silar. 2. Radiocarbon; J. Silar. 3. Tritium; J. Silar. 4. Radiocarbon and tritium dating in science and technology; J. Silar. 5. Other radionuclides dating methods; J. Silar. 6. K - Ar and Ar - Ar dating methods; E. Jelínek. 7. Rb - Sr dating method; E. Jelínek. 8. Sm - Nd method; J. Kosler. 9. U - Th - Pb dating; J. Kosler. 10. Re - Os dating method; E. Jelínek, J. Kosler. 11. Lu - Hf dating method; E. Jelínek. 5: Radionuclide analyses; R. Tykva, J. Kosler. 1. Activity measurements; R. Tykva. 2. Analytical techniques in radiogenic dating; J. Košler. References. Abbreviations. Index.

O autorze

Dieter Berg, Dr. phil., geb. 1944, seit 1987 Socio Ordinario der Società Internazionale di Studi Francescani in Assisi, 1988-2006 Direktor des Instituts für franziskanische Geschichte in Münster, seit 1989 Professor für Mittelalterliche Geschichte an der Universität Hannover, Autor und Herausgeber zahlreicher Veröffentlichungen zur mittelalterlichen Geistes- und Kirchengeschichte Europas.