1. Reflection on Personal Mathematics Experiences and Abilities; 2. Mathematics and Numeracy: The Role of Number Sense; 3. The Hindu-Arabic Number System; 4. Number Facts; 5 Mental Computation; 6. Additive and Multiplicative Thinking; 7. Fractional Thinking; 8. Ratio, Rate and Scale; 9. Problem Solving; Appendix: Answers to Learning Activities.