List of maps; Acknowledgements; Abbreviations; Introduction; 1. The Dacca Riot, 1941; 2. Famine 1943 – towards a hardening of community identities; 3. From community to communal: the Bengal Secondary Education Bill and the idea of Pakistan; 4. The Great Calcutta Killing, August 1946; 5. Noakhali Riots, October 1946; 6. A test of faith: Gandhi in Noakhali and Calcutta, 1946–47; Concluding remarks; Glossary; Appendix 1; Appendix 2; Appendix 3; Appendix 4; Bibliography; Index.