Major Biological Processes in European Tidal Estuaries

ISBN-13: 9789401065399 / Angielski / Miękka / 2012 / 276 str.

C. H. R. Heip; Peter M. J. Herman

Opis

Table 1. State variables modeled in MOSES. State variable Units Estuaries are characterized by a strong diversity in car bon sources. This is because of the existence of an 3 Fast-decay detritus g- intertidal habitat, the supply of nutrients and organic 3 Slow-decay detritus g- material from the river and from the sea and the input of 3 gCm- Freshwater diatoms matter from human origin. If turbidity remains limited, 3 Freshwater flagellates g- estuaries can also support a high primary production 3 Brackish and marine diatoms g- as nutrients are abundant. Nevertheless, estuaries are 3 Cm- Brackish and marine flagellates usually heterotrophic ecosystems (Billen et aI., 1991; 3 gCm- Micro-zooplankton Smith & Hollibaugh, 1993) where respiratory process 3 Brackish meso-zooplankton gCm- 3 es exceed in situ production. Marine meso-zooplankton gCm- 2 3 gCm- The Westerschelde estuary (260 km in SAWES, Hyperbenthos 3 gSim- Detrital silicate 1991) drains about 21580 square kilometres ofland in 3 gSim- Dissolved silicate one of the most densely populated and highly industri 3 gNm- Nitrate and nitrite alised regions of Europe (Wollast, 1988). This estuary 3 gNm- Ammonia is unusual due to the high degree of eutrophication 3 gOm- Oxygen which results from the discharge of untreated wastes 3 gCl m- Chlorides (Heip, 1988) and due to the high residence time of the 3 gm- Suspended matter water masses (Soetaert & Herman, 1995a)."

Spis treści

Introduction. Major biological processes in European tidal estuaries; C. Heip, P. Herman. Primary production. Nutrients, light and primary production by phytoplankton and microphytobenthos in the eutrophic, turbid Westerschelde estuary (the Netherlands); J. Kromkamp, et al. Dynamics of microphytobenthic chlorophyll-a in the Scheldt estuary (SW Netherlands); D.J. de Jong, V.N. de Jonge. Bacterial processes. Comparison of heterotrophic bacterial production in early spring in the turbid estuaries of the Scheldt and the Elbe; N.K. Goosen, et al. Nitrous oxide emissions from estuarine intertidal sediments; J.J. Middelburg, et al. Carbon and nitrogen cycling in intertidel sediments near Doel, Scheldt estuary; J.J. Middelburg, et al. Zooplankton. Copepod feeding in the Westerschelde and the Gironde; M. Tackx, et al. Long-term changes in eurytemora affinis population (copopoda, calanoids) in the Gironde estuary (1978-1992); J. Castel, et al. Contribution of the zooplankton copepod communities to the carbon fluxes in the brackish part of the Westerschelde estuary (the Netherlands); V. Escaravage, K. Soetaert. Feeding rates and productivity of the copepod Acartia bifilosa in a highly turbid estuary; the Gironde (SW France); X. Irigoien, J. Caste. Production rates of Eurytemora affinis in the Elbe Estuary, comparison of field and enclosure production estimates; A. Peitsch. Comparative spring distribution of zooplankton in three macrotidal European estuaries; B. Sautour, J. Castel. Hyperbenthos. Comparative study of the hyperbenthos of three European estuaries; J. Mees, et al. Meiobenthos. Effects of experimental food supply on estuarine meiobenthos; M.C. Austen, R.M. Warwick. Meiobenthic distributionand nematode community structure of five European estuaries; K. Soetaert, et al. Macrobenthos. The response of two estuarine benthic communities to the quantity and quality of food; M.A. Kendall, et al. Modelling. Estimating estuarine residence times in the Westerschelde (the Netherlands) using a simple box model; K. Soetaert, P.M.J. Herman. Nitrogen dynamics in the Westerschelde estuary (SW Netherlands) estimated by means of a global ecosystem model (MOSES); K. Soetaert, P.M.J. Herman. Carbon flows in the Westerschelde estuary (the Netherlands) evaluated by means of a global ecosystem model (MOSES); K. Soetaert, P.M.J. Herman.