1. Overview of the Sun and Its Dynamical Plasma Processes 2. Recent Challenges in Understanding Solar Plasma Processes at Disparate Scales 3. The Sun as a Pulsating Star: Heliosiemic Models and Diagnostics of Solar Interior 4. Sun's Magnetic Field: Origin, Observations, and Extrapolations 5. Magnetohydrodynamic Waves in the Magnetized Solar Atmosphere 6. Magnetohydrodynamic Waves in the Structured Solar Fluxtubes 7. Magnetohydrodynamic Waves in the Partially Ionized Plasma: Two and Multi-fluid Approach 8. Magnetohydrodynamic Instabilities 9. Magnetoacoustic Shock Waves and Their Physical Manifestation 10. Magnetic Reconnection 11. Coronal Heating 12. Origin and Acceleration of the Solar Wind 13. Solar Eruption Models: An Magnetohydrodynamic Approach 14. Conclusions and Future Perspectives on Magnetohydrodynamic Processes in the Solar Plasma