Linguistic Semiotics

ISBN-13: 9789811532481 / Angielski / Miękka / 2021 / 397 str.

Mingyu Wang

Spis treści

Chapter 1 Introduction to Linguistic Signs

1.1 Humans and signs

1.1.1 Man as symbolic animal

1.1.2 Man as advanced symbolic animal

1.2 Sign

1.2.1 Concept of sign

1.2.2 Types of sign

1.2.2.1 Classification based on denoting relationship (According to the relationship between form and content of a sign)

1.2.2.2 Classification of objective and subjective relations (Based on the objective and subjective relations of signs)

1.2.2.3 Classification of symbolic thinking relationships (based on the way of symbolic thinking).

1.2.3. Sign process and sign field

1.2.3.1 Thought field

1.2.3.2 Cultural field

1.2.3.3 Psychological field

1.3 Language and sign

1.3.1 The nature and definitions of language

1.3.1.1 Language as a special social phenomenon

1.3.1.2 Language as a unified communicative tool of the society

1.3.1.3 Language as an important tool of human thought

1.3.2 Classification of language

1.3.3 Language is a sign system

1.3.4 Language as a special system of signs

1.3.4.1 Arbitrariness

Chapter 2 Introduction to Linguistic Semiotics

2.1 Linguistics

2.1.1 The object of linguistics

2.1.1.1 The scientificity of linguistics

2.1.1.2 The object of linguistics

2.1.2 Classification of linguistics

2.1.2.1 General linguistics and specific linguistics

2.1.2.2 Internal linguistics and external linguistics

2.1.2.3 Diachronic linguistics and synchronic linguistics

2.1.2.4 Comparative linguistics and contrastive linguistics

2.1.2.5 Theoretical linguistics and applied linguistics

2.2 Semiotics

2.2.1 Traditions of semiotics: an overview

2.2.1.1 In the West

2.2.1.2 In China

2.2.2 The establishment of semiotics

2.2.2.1 Origins of modern semiotic theories

2.2.2.2 The establishment of modern semiotics

2.2.3 Classification of semiotics

2.2.4. Branches of semiotic studies

2.2.4.1 Trichotomy of semiotics

2.2.4.2 Research orientation and main schools of semiotics

2.2.5. The significance of semiotic studies

2.3 Linguistic semiotics

Chapter 3 The Binary Opposition of Linguistic Signs

3.1 The status of language in speech acts

3.2 Features of langue and parole

3.2.1 Features of langue

3.2.2 Features of parole

3.2.3 Relations between langue and parole

3.3 The binary opposition between langue and parole

Chapter 4 The Hierarchy of Linguistic Signs

4.1 The hierarchical approach in a broad sense

4.2 The hierarchical approach in a narrow sense

4.2.1 The ontological approach

4.2.2 The methodological approach

4.2.2.1 Phonological hierarchy

4.2.2.2 Morphological hierarchy

4.2.2.3 Syntactic hierarchy

4.2.2.4 lexical-semantic hierarchy

4.2.3 The epistemological approach

4.2.3.1 Expressive level

4.2.3.2 Content hierarchy

4.3 The basic levels of linguistic signs

4.3.1 Syntactic relation

4.3.2 Semantic relation

4.3.3 Pragmatic relation

Chapter 5 Meaning of Linguistic Signs

5.1 Different views towards the meaning of linguistic signs

5.1.1 The methodological approach to meaning

5.1.1.1 Hypothesis-deduction method

5.1.1.2 Analytic-induction method

5.1.2 The ontological approach to meaning

5.1.2.1 The Dyadic Model

5.1.2.2 The Triadic Model

5.1.2.3 The Semiotic Triangle

5.1.2.4 The Semantic Trapezoid and the Semantic Quadrangle

5.1.3 The epistemological approach to meaning

5.1.3.1 The truth-value theory

5.1.3.2 The theory of identity

5.1.3.3 The speech act theory

5.1.3.4 The information theory

5.2 The hierarchical approach to the meaning of linguistic signs

5.2.1 Graphical representation of the “hierarchical approach”

5.2.2 Interpretation of the “hierarchical approach”

Chapter 6 Reference of Linguistic Signs

6.1 Meaning and reference

6.1.1 The opposition of two views

6.1.2 Historical evolution

6.1.3 Relations between meaning and reference

6.1.3.1 Paradoxes between meaning and reference

6.1.3.2 Causes of the paradoxes

6.1.3.3 Mutual restrictions between meaning and reference

6.1.3.4 Establishment of the relations between meaning and reference

6.2 Features and hierarchical types of reference

6.2.1 The referentiality of words

6.2.1.1 The referentiality of nouns

6.2.1.2 The referentiality of pronouns

6.2.2 The hierarchy of referential relations

6.2.2.1 Abstract referential relations and specific referential relations

6.2.2.2 Meta-linguistic referential relations and objective referential relations

6.2.2.3 Initial referential relations and acquisition referential relations

Chapter 7 Relations between linguistic signs

7.1 Syntagm

7.1.1 Definition of syntagm

7.1.2 Features of syntagm

7.2 Paradigm

7.2.1 Definition of Paradigm

7.2.2 Features of paradigm

7.3 Opposition and connection between syntagm and paradigm

7.4 Constraints on paradigm andsyntagm

7.4.1 Constraints on paradigm

7.4.1.1 Constraints on paradigm from the perspective of formation

7.4.1.2Constraints on paradigm from the perspective of application

7.4.2 Constraints on syntagm

7.4.2.1 Constraints on syntagm from the perspective of composition

7.4.2.2. Constraints on syntagm from the perspective of application

Chapter 8 Synchrony and Diachrony of Linguistic Signs

8.1 The relation between synchrony and diachrony

8.1.1 Ferdinand de Saussure’s views

8.1.1.1 The second bifurcation

8.1.1.2 Synchronic axis and diachronic axis

8.1.1.3 Synchronic linguistics and diachronic linguistics

8.1.1.4 Differences between the two kinds of facts illustrated by comparison

8.1.1.5 Differences between synchrony and diachrony

8.1.2 Dialectical views

8.2 Synchronic approaches to linguistic signs

8.2.1The importance of synchrony

8.2.1.1 The synchrony of linguistic signs is a scientific abstraction

8.2.1.2 The synchrony of language is the cornerstone of the existing value of linguistic elements 215

8.2.1.3 Process cannot replace system

8.2.1.4 Diachronic facts are not directed toward changing the system

8.2.1.5The perspective of synchronic research is holistic

8.2.1.6 Language change can only originate in parole

8.2.2Panchrony of linguistics signs

8.3Diachronic approaches to linguistic signs

8.3.1 Evolution as a universal feature of linguistic signs

8.3.1.1 Duality of linguistic signs

8.3.1.2 Language as a developing social phenomenon

8.3.2 Factors underlying the evolution of language

8.3.2.1 External factors

8.3.2.2 Internal factors

8.4 Laws of development of linguistic signs

8.4.1Universal laws of language development

8.4.1.1 Gradualness of the development of linguistic signs

8.4.1.2 Unbalancednessof the development of linguistic signs

8.4.1.3 Improvingnessof the development of linguistic signs

8.4.1.4 Analogicality of the development of linguistic signs

8.4.2The particularity of linguisticlaws

8.4.2.1 Limitations of linguistic laws

8.4.2.2 Timeliness of language changes

8.4.2.3 Regionality of language changes

8.5 Contradictory variation of linguistic signs

8.5.1 Assimilation and dissimilation

8.5.2 Adding and removing

8.5.3 Combination and separation

Chapter 9 Functions of Linguistic Signs

9.1 An introduction to functionalism

9.1.1 Origins of functionalism

9.1.1.1Psychological and linguistic foundations of functionalism

9.1.1.2 The Prague School

9.1.1.3 Western linguistic schools

9.1.2 Functionalist approaches to signs

9.1.2.1Bühler’s functional views

9.1.2.2Jakobson’s functional views

9.1.2.3Richards’s functional views

9.1.2.4 Lyons’s functional views

9.1.2.5 Halliday’s functional views

9.1.3. Rethinkings of functions of linguistic signs

9.2 Social factors and formalism

9.2.1 Functions of linguistic signs and social factors

9.2.2 Formalism and functionalism

9.3Methodologies of the functionalist approaches

9.3.1 Three laws

9.3.1.1 Dislocation

9.3.1.2 Suddeness

9.3.1.3 Holography

9.3.2 Four principles

9.3.2.1 Optimization

9.3.2.2 Hierarchy

9.3.2.3 Instructiveness

9.3.2.4 Incompleteness

Chapter 10 The Subjective Approach to Linguistic Signs

10.1 Syntactic subject

10.2 Semantic subject

10.2.1 Semantic subject as asubstance

10.2.2 Coordination of semantic subject and predicate

10.2.3 Distinctions between semantic subject and syntactic subject

10.2.4 Semantic subject with different sentence structures

10.2.5 Types of semantic subject

10.3 Pragmatic subject

10.3.1 The psychological subject

10.3.2 The message sender

10.3.3The speaker

Chapter 11 The Dual Metaphorical View of Linguistic Signs

11.1 Common features of metaphor and metonymy

11.1.1 Equivalence

11.1.2 Substitution

11.1.3 Transfer

11.1.4. Misplacement

11.2 Difference features of metaphor and metonymy

11.2.1 “Similarity” vs. “proximity”

11.2.2 “Vertical” vs. “horizontal”

11.2.3 “Same position” vs. “different position”

11.2.4 “Descriptive function” vs. “referential function”

11.2.5 “Simile reduction” vs. “discourse reduction”

11.3 Representations of metaphor and metonymy

11.3.1 Representations of metaphor

11.3.1.1 Grammar

11.3.1.2 Semantics

11.3.1.3 Categorization

11.3.2 Representations of metonymy

11.3.2.1 Conformity

11.3.2.2 Connectivity

Chapter 12 The Converseness of Linguistic Signs

12.1 Converseness from the perspective of linguistic semiotics

12.1.1 The semantic level

12.1.2 The grammatical level

12.1.3 The logical level

12.2 An interpretation of converse relations

12.2.1 Synonymousness

12.2.2 Reverseness

12.2.3 Freeness and symmetry

12.2.4 Independence in dictionary definition

12.2.5 Activenessin actant exchange

12.2.6 Non-compatibility

12.2.7 Bilateralness

12.2.8 Concatenation

12.2.9 Consistency

Chapter 13 The Iconicity of Linguistic Signs

13.1 The concept of iconicity

13.1.1 Origin of the term

13.1.2 Implications and Chinese renderings of the term

13.1.3. Definition of the term

13.2 The philosophical basis of iconicity

13.2.1 Traditional philosophy

13.2.2 Cognitive philosophy

13.2.3 Embodied philosophy

13.3 Classification of iconicity and its manifestation in language

13.3.1 Imagic iconicity

13.3.2 Diagrammatic iconicity

13.3.2.1 Isomorphism

13.3.2.2 Automorphism

13.3.2.3 Motivation

13.3.3 Metaphoric iconicity

13.3.3.1 Grammatical metaphor

13.3.3.2 Conventional metaphor

13.3.3.3 Poetic metaphor

13.4 Iconicity and phonetic meaning

13.4.1 Phonetic meanings of vowels

13.4.2 Phonetic meanings of consonants

13.5 The iconicity in Chinese language and culture

Chapter 14Two Decades of Semiotic Studies in China

14.1 Three major periods

14.1.1 The starting period (1980-1986)

14.1.2 The maturing period (1987-1993)

14.1.3 The thriving period (1994-2002)

14.2 Major research areas and accomplishments

14.2.1 Researches on basic theories of semiotics

14.2.1.1 Introduction and study of semiotic theories from abroad

14.2.1.2 Definition and classification of signs

14.2.1.3 Understnding on the research fields and functions of semiotics

14.2.2 Researches on linguistic semiotics

14.2.2.1 On Saussure’s linguistic semiotics

14.2.2.2 On linguistic signs

14.2.3 Researches on applications of semiotics

14.2.3.1 Applications of semiotics in sub-disciplines of linguistics

14.2.3.2 Applications of semiotics in other fields

14.2.4 Researches on cultural and literary semiotics

14.2.4.1 Cultural semiotics

14.2.4.2 Literary semiotics

14.3 An outlook of future research

Chapter 15A Bibliometric Analysis of Chinese Semiotics

15.1 Research topic

15.2 Discipline distribution

15.3 Core authors

15.4 Frequency of citation of core authors

15.5 Analysis and discussion of research results

Chapter 16 Representative Works of Chinese Semiotic Studies

16.1 Introduction to Theoretical Semiotics

16.2 Modern Linguistic Semiotics

16.3 Semiotics: Principles & Problems

16.4 Basic issues in the development of modern Chinese semiotics

Chapter 17The Historical Mission of Chinese Semiotics

17.1 The semiotic spheres of Chinese semiotics

17.2 The academic philosophy of Chinese semiotics

Bibliographic Index

O autorze

Prof. Mingyu Wang is a doctoral supervisor, post-doctoral cooperative supervisor, chairman of the Committee of Semiotics of the Chinese Society of Logic, and president of the Chinese Association for Language and Semiotic Studies. Prof. Wang is a ‘Longjiang Scholar’ Specially Appointed Professor, Tianjin Specially Appointed Professor, Outstanding Tianjin ‘Jinmen Scholar’ and winner of Tianjin’s Top Teacher Award. He is winner of the Russian ‘Pushkin Medal’ and the Russian ‘Friendship and Cooperation Medal’.  

Prof. Wang is a former editor-in-chief of Foreign Language Research and current editorial board member of 10 foreign language journals in China. He is also vice chairman of the Russian Language Teaching Advisory Board under the National Foreign Languages Teaching Advisory Committee, president of the Tianjin Association for Foreign Language Studies and director of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Association for MTI Education. He is a specially appointed expert of the National Textbook Committee and visiting professor and adjunct researcher at 12 universities and research institutes. Prof. Wang is accomplished in linguistic semiotics, general linguistics, functional linguistics, foreign language pedagogy and other fields, and his representative works include Linguistic Semiotics, Modern Linguistic Semiotics, Semiotics Thoughts, Functional Linguistics and A New Coursebook on Foreign Language Teaching. 

Blurb

This is the first book of its kind that explains the basic concepts, theoretical foundations and systematic research of linguistic semiotics, so as to establish a well-founded framework for linguistic semiotics as an independent discipline. While examining the major claims of different schools of semiotics, it also addresses 12 central issues concerning linguistic semiotics, and outlines semiotic studies in China focusing on the multiple research areas and accomplishments. In addition to illustrations and tables, the book offers an “Index of References in Linguistic Semiotics” consisting of 1,063 entries, including monographs, journal papers, conference proceedings, etc. in Chinese, English and Russian.