1 Introduction to lignocellulosic materials2 Lignin: an innovative, complex, and highly flexible plantmaterial/component3 Lignin extraction and isolation methods4 Types of lignin, properties, and structuralcharacterization techniques5 Chemical modifications of lignin6 Requirements and properties of biomaterials forbiomedical applications7 Development of lignin-based nanoparticles: fabricationmethods and functionalization approaches8 Lignin-based materials with UV-blocking property9 Lignin-based materials with antioxidant andantimicrobial properties10 Lignin-based materials for drug and gene delivery11 Fabrication of lignin-based hydrogels and theirapplications12 Present and future prospective of lignin-based materialsin biomedical fields