Lightning Protection for People and Property

ISBN-13: 9781468465501 / Angielski / Miękka / 2012 / 250 str.

Marvin M. Frydenlund

Opis

The word lightning conjures up many different thoughts, depending on who you are. For instance, an engineer might wonder, "How can I protect this building?" A computer manager might ask, "What protection is available to save my equip ment?" A golf course manager wants to warn golfers about life-saving measures to take during a lightning storm. And on and on the needs go. In fact, the variety of backgrounds of people who need to understand lightning, its effects, and pro tection techniques ranges from the highly technical to the illiterate, creating a very difficult educational problem for the lightning protection industry. In this book, Marvin Frydenlund presents a refreshingly new melding of the many pieces of the lightningjigsaw puzzle that are scattered throughout numerous libraries, magazine and newspaper articles, codes, standards, statistics, research, and the enormous body of information called "old wives' tales, myths, opinions, and snake oil sales literature." He has created a broad-spectrum review of the en tire field oflightning that is easy to read and understand, and it will benefit anyone who wants to study and comprehend the subject."

Spis treści

1 Lightning: Myth and Superstition.- Lightning and Myth.- 2 Benjamin Franklin’s “Perfect Invention”.- 3 Thundercells and Thunderstorms.- Squall-Line Storms.- Lake-Effect Storms.- Orographic Thunderstorms.- The Cloud Electrification Process.- The Thunderstorm Day.- The Point-Discharge Phenomenon.- Wind—The Key Component.- 4 The Lightning Flash.- Components of a Lightning Flash.- 5 Lightning Injuries, Fatalities, and Public Safety.- The Dangerous Voltages.- Why Lightning is Underrated.- Questions and Answers.- 6 Lightning Fires and Destruction.- Lightning’s Thermal Effects.- Lightning’s Electrical Effect.- Lightning’s Mechanical Effect.- Induced Effects of Lightning Flashes.- 7 Lightning Risk Assessment.- The Guide’s Role.- 8 Terms, Definitions, and Materials.- Terms and Definitions.- 9 Capturing the Lightning Flash.- Strikes to Unprotected Structures.- A Discredited Principle.- Zones of Protection.- Protection for Lower Sections.- Protection for Danger Structures.- Air Terminal Configurations.- Air Terminal Locations.- Capture Failures and Remedies.- Flat and Pitched Roofs.- Protection of Rooftop Equipment.- Domed and Multiple Ridged Roofs.- Protection for Trees.- 10 Conducting Lightning Current.- Conductor Types, Classes, and Purposes.- Why and How Conductors Are Stranded.- Limitations on Use of Conductors.- Conductor Attachment Components and Methods.- Cable Splicer Types and Methods.- Roof-Level Conductor Routings.- Protecting Open Areas in Flat Roofs.- Conductor Routings and Bends.- One-Way Drops and Dead Ends.- Through-Roof and Through-Wall Transitions.- Connections to and from Steel Columns.- Guards and Disconnectors.- Wall Outlets and Disconnectors.- 11 Bonding to Prevent Sideflashes.- Structural Bonding.- Why Flashover Occurs.- The Resistive Effect.- Lightning’s Inductive Effect.- The Bending Determination Formula.- Factors Affecting the Need for Bonding.- Reducing the Need for Bonding.- Roof-Level Potential Equalization.- Ground-Level Potential Equalization.- Intermediate-Level Potential Equalization.- Bonding Conductors.- 12 Lightning-Induced Surges.- Sources of Damaging Surges.- 13 Surge Suppression Devices and Designs.- 14 Grounding the Thunderbolt.- The Two Approaches to Grounding.- Grounding Problems and Solutions.- Soil Variation Problems.- Soil Resistance Factors.- Types of Grounding Media.- Deep Grounding Test Results in the United States.- 15 Lightning Warning and Locator Systems.- Traditional Warning Units.- The New Lightning Locator Methodology.- 16 Standards, Inspections, and the Engineer’s Role.- Lightning Protection Standards.- 17 Ineffective Devices.- The Feckless Trio.