Lectures on Solar Physics

ISBN-13: 9783642056864 / Angielski / Miękka / 2010 / 338 str.

H.M. Antia;A. Bhatnagar;Peter Ulmschneider

Opis

TheideafortheselectureseriesaroseataWorkshoponsolarphysicswhichwas heldattheInterUniversityCentreforAstronomyandAstrophysics(IUCAA), Pune/IndiainDecember2000. ThisWorkshopaimedtopresentacompreh- siveandup-to-dateoverviewofsolarphysicsforinterestedstudentsandfaculty inotherbranchesofastrophysics. Itwasintendedtoshowthatthis?eld, c- centratingonourcloseststar, isavitalandexciting?eldofresearch. Forthis purposeanumberofcomprehensivereviewswereorganisedwhichassumedthat theaudiencewouldhaveonlyabasicphysicsbackgroundbuthadnoprior knowledgeaboutsolarphysics. Thesetoflecturescoveredtopicsrangingfrom thesolarcoretotheconvectionzone, thephotosphere, chromosphere, andcorona andextendingtothesolarwindintheinterplanetarymedium DuringandaftertheWorkshoptherewasmuchenthusiasmforthisform ofpresentationanditwasfeltthattheselectures, augmentedbyincludingthe latestresearch?ndingsinthe?eld, wouldbebene?cialtoamuchlargeraudience. Thustheplanforthisbookoriginatedwhichcouldthenberealisedthanksto thepublishers, Springer-Verlag. Thereare9articlesbasedonthelecturesgivenattheWorkshop. Thearticle byChitreon OverviewofSolarPhysics givesanintroductiontothewhole varietyofphenomenaofsolarphysics, theproblemsandtheirsolutionsand salientresults. Thearticleon InstrumentationandObservationaltechniques relatedtoSolarPhysics byBhatnagardescribesindetailtheprinciplesof- larinstrumentationnormallyusedtotakesimplewhitelight, monochromatic andspectroscopicobservations. Practicalmethodstomeasureimportantbasic parameters, likearea, positionandtheclassi?cationofsunspotsaredescribed indetail. Antia sarticleon SolarInteriorandSeismology describesthesolar interior, thetechniqueofhelioseismologyandhowthisnewtechniqueallowsa determinationoftheinternalstructureanddynamicsoftheSunandconstrains theoriesofstellarstructure, evolutionandangularmomentumtransport. - bastha sarticleon TheActiveandExplosiveSun givesanoverviewofhighly time-dependentphenomenainthephotosphere, chromosphereandcoronaofthe Sunandprovidessometheoreticalmodelsofthesolar?ares. Hasan sarticle on MagneticFluxTubesandActivityontheSun discussesthegeneration, storageandemergenceofmagnetic?eldsintheformofsmall-scale?uxtubes andexaminestheirroleinheatingofthechromosphere. Ventakrishan sar- cleon SolarMagneticFields givesatheoreticaloverviewofthegeneration VI Preface ofmagnetic?eldsbythedynamomechanism, thegeneralmagnetic?eldtop- ogyandhowthemagnetic?eldsaremeasured. Ulmschneider scontributionon ThePhysicsofChromospheresandCoronae discusseswhyallstarslikethe Sunhavehotouterchromosphericandcoronallayers. Itidenti?estheheating mechanismsanddynamicalprocesseswhichtakeplacebothinthepresenceand absenceofmagnetic?elds. ThearticlebyDwivedion TheSolarCorona gives ageneraloverviewofthesolarcorona, howitisobservedandwhatthephy- calprocessesleadingtoitsformationare. FinallyManoharan scontributionon TheSolarWind describesthegenerationandmeasurementofthesolarwind derivedfrominsituobservationsbyspacecraftandinterplanetaryscintillation studies. Wehopethatbyreadingtheselectures, interestedpeople, amateurs, graduate andpostgraduatestudentswillbemotivatedtotakeupsolarphysicsasanarea ofresearch, andshareourexcitementaboutthewondersofourneareststar theSun. WearethankfultoT. PadmanabhanandtheInterUniversityCentrefor AstronomyandAstrophysics, PunefororganisingandhostingthisWorkshop onSolarPhysics. Mumbai, Udaipur, Heidelberg H. M. Antia February2003 A. Bhatnagar P. Ulmschneider ListofContributors AshokAmbastha S. S. Hasan Udaipur Solar Observatory Indian Institute of Astrophysics Physical Research Laboratory Bangalore560034, India P. O. Box No. 198 hasan@iiap. ernet. in Udaipur313001, India ambastha@prl. ernet. in P. K. Manoharan Radio Astronomy Centre H. M. Antia Tata Institute Tata Institute of Fundamental Research of Fundamental Research P. O. Box 8 Homi Bhabha Road Udhagamandalam (Ooty) 643001, Mumbai400005, India India antia@tifr. res. in mano@racooty. ernet. in ArvindBhatnagar Udaipur Solar Observatory P. Ulmschneider Physical Research Laboratory Institut fur ] Theoretische Astrophysik P. O. Box No. 198 Univ. Heidelberg Udaipur313001, India Tiergartenstr. 15 arvind@prl. ernet. in 69121Heidelberg, Germany ulm@ita. uni-heidelberg. de S. M. Chitre Department of Physics University of Mumbai P. Venkatakrishnan Mumbai400098, India Udaipur Solar Observatory kumarchitre@hotmail. com Physical Research Laboratory P. O. Box No. 198 BholaN. Dwivedi Udaipur313001, India Department of Applied Physics pvk@prl. ernet. in Institute of Technology Banaras Hindu University Varanasi221005, India dwivedi@banaras. ernet. in TableofContents OverviewofSolarPhysics S. M. Chitre. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 CompositionandStructureoftheSun. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2. 1 EquationsofStellarStructure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2. 2 TheStandardSolarModel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 3 ProbesoftheSun sInterior. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 3. 1 SolarNeutrinoProblem. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ."

Spis treści

Overview of Solar Physics.- Instrumentation and Observational Techniques in Solar Astronomy.- Solar Interior and Seismology.- The Active and Explosive Sun.- Magnetic Flux Tubes and Activity on the Sun.- Solar Magnetic Fields.- The Physics of Chromospheres and Coronae.- The Solar Corona.- The Solar Wind.

Blurb

This volume has grown out of lectures addressing primarily graduate students and researchers working in related areas in both astrophysics and space sciences. All contributions are self-contained and do not require prior in-depth knowledge of solar physics. The result is a unique textbook that fulfills the needs of those wishing to have a pedagogic exposition of solar physics bringing them up-to-date in a field full of vitality and with exciting research.