Lectures on Language Performance

ISBN-13: 9783642872914 / Angielski / Miękka / 2012 / 276 str.

C. E. Osgood

Opis

Titling this book Lectures on Language Performance was not done to be cleverly "eye-catching"-the title is quite literally appropriate. With minor adaptations for a general reading audience, the eight chapters in this volume are the actual lectures I gave as the Linguistic Society of America Professor for its Summer Institute held at the University of Illinois in 1978. The eight lectures are an "anticipation" of my magnum opus-I guess when one has passed into his sixties he can be forgiven for saying this a much larger volume (or volumes) to be titled Toward an Abstract Performance Grammar. The book in your hands is an anticipation of this work in at least three senses: for one thing, it doesn't pretend to cover the burgeoning literature relevant to the comparatively new field of psycholinguistics (my study at home is literally overflowing with reference materials, aU coded for various sections of the planned vol ume(s-; for another, both the style and the content of these Lectures were tailored to a very broad social science audience -including students and teachers in anthropology, linguistics, philosophy and psychology (as well as in various applied fields like second language learning and bilingualism); and for yet another thing, many sections of the planned magnum opus are hardly even touched on here-for example, these lectures do not "anticipate" major sections to be devoted to Efficiency vs."

Spis treści

Lecture I What Is a Language?.- Orientation.- Defining Characteristics of Language Generally.- Defining Characteristics of Human Languages.- Nondefining Characteristics of Human Languages.- How May Human Languages Have Originated?.- Lecture II Things and Words.- Orientation.- A Capsule Life-History of Behaviorism.- The Componential Nature of Representational Mediators.- The Intimate Parallelism of Nonlinguistic and Linguistic Cognizing.- The “Deep” Cognitive System Shared by Things and Words.- Lecture III The Paradigm Clash in Psycholinguistics: Revolution or Pendula Swings?.- Orientation.- Paradigm Clash In Psycholinguistics.- On the Natures of Scientific Revolutions and Pendula Swings.- Transformational Grammar: A Revolution?.- Lecture IV Structure and Meaning in Cognizing.- Orientation.- Salience of the Word in Cognizing—and Why.- Structure of the Representational Level.- Functional Notions Relating to the LEXICON.- Semantic Feature Discovery Procedures.- By Way of Conclusion.- Lecture V Naturalness in Cognizing and Sentencing.- Orientation.- Naturalness in Ordering the Constituents of Simplexes (F IV).- Naturalness of Word-Ordering within the Constituents of Simplexes (F V).- Naturalness in Ordering the Clauses of Complexes (F VI).- Naturalness in Memory Functioning.- Lecture VI Pollyanna and Congruence Dynamics: From Yang and Yin to and or but.- Orientation.- Affective Polarity Dynamics: Pollyannaism.- Congruence Dynamics: Psycho-Logic.- The Finer Semantics of Congruity Interactions.- Lecture VII Salience Dynamics and Unnaturalness in Sentence Production.- Orientation.- Salience Dynamics in Cognizing.- Unnaturalness in Sentence Production (F VII).- Expressing Unnaturally Ordered Sentences by Speakers (F VIII-I).- Some Literature Relevant to Salience Dynamics and Sentence Production.- Lecture VIII Processing of Unnaturally Ordered Sentences in Comprehending.- Orientation.- Formal Statement of F VIII-II with Sentential Examples.- Adumbration on Unnatural Sentencing.- A Proposal for Systematic Research on Comprehension Processing Times.- Some Relevant Linguistic and Psycholinguistic Evidence.- An Implication for Linguistics.- Appendices.- References.