Foreword ixAcknowledgments xiPreface xiiiIntroduction xviiPart I Building Blocks For A Lean Practice 1Chapter 1 A Profession Ripe for Change 3An Evolving Profession 3Where We Are Today 3The Primary Objective 5Chapter 2 Process Management Explained 9Process Management 9Lean 10Six Sigma 12Theory of Constraints 13TRIZ 14Summary 16References 16Chapter 3 The Design Firm's Problem 17The Kind of Problem 17Buildings Are an Organized Complexity 18Diving Deeper 20Summary 21Reference 21Chapter 4 Lean Architecture 233 Goals 24Productivity and Quality 25Resolve 29Challenges 29Summary 30References 30Chapter 5 Learning from Detroit: Influences from Lean Manufacturing 31Western Manufacturing Compared with Japanese Lean Manufacturing 31Backgrounder 5.1: Process Management Evolution in the US Manufacturing Industry 35The Design and Construction Industry Is Not Mass Production 39Learning from Detroit 41Backgrounder 5.2: Constructability 42Reference 47Part II Areas of Strategic Focus With Applications 49Chapter 6 Lean Management for Architects 51The Game 51Find the Money 58Don't Fight the Chain 61Choreograph the Work 63Backgrounder 6.1: Collaborative Planning 71We Really Do Need Each Other 79Manage Your Money 81Backgrounder 6.2: Financial Metrics 84The Costs of Doing Business 91When Fees No Longer Matter 96References 98Resource Material 98Chapter 7 Strategic Areas 127Accelerate Decision-Making 127Effective Communication 131Strategic Modeling 137Targeted Reviews 148Reference 157Resource Material 157Chapter 8 Streamlining Documentation 171Working Smarter 171Impacts from the Adaption of Technology 172Redundancy 176Managing Variation 188Leveraging Graphics and Text for Increased Understanding 193Working in Context 194Collective Processes 196Prototypical System Sheets 197Systems Packets 208Cartoon Sets - Are They Relevant Anymore? 209The Project Manual 210Construction Administration 213Practical Goals for Documentation 214Resource Material 215Part III Implementing Lean 259Chapter 9 Rethinking Your Firm 261Change 261A Recipe for Success 263Lean in Daily Practice 265Resistance 267Backgrounder 9.1: Can Design Process Be Lean? 270Implementation 275Developing Resources 280Developing and Sharing Knowledge 284Backgrounder 9.2: Knowledge Management 286Developing Tools 293Importance of Training 301Summary 302References 302Resource Material 302Chapter 10 Role of Technology 307Shifting Paradigms 307Effective Use of Technology 310Part IV Final Words and Advice 313Chapter 11 More Than an Initiative 315Nonnegotiables 316Permission to Think Lean and Do the Stuff 317Appendix 319Index 321
MICHAEL F. CZAP, AIA has spent nearly 40-years leading efforts to identify and implement new technologies and cutting-edge project delivery practices with major firms. He coined the term and introduced the concept of Lean Architecture - the "ongoing process of rethinking and improving architectural methodology" by the application of Lean principles to the practice. Michael co-authored the Construction Documents chapter for the AIA's 15th Edition of The Architect's Handbook for Professional Practice and contributed articles to the AIA Best Practices, Chapter 13, and the AIA Practice Management Digest. He has spoken at over 50 industry venues since 2004 on Lean Architecture and advanced project delivery processes, including 6 AIA National Conventions. Michael currently serves as Chair for the BIMForum's 2021 Lean taskforce.GREGORY T. BUCHANAN, AIA, NCARB, CSI, LEED AP BD+C has spent his nearly thirty-year career endeavoring to advance the practice of architectural delivery through experience and leadership at top-ranked design firms. With advanced degrees in both Architecture and Civil Engineering, his pragmatic approach to problem solving enables him to develop and implement successful strategies and coach excellence in all facets of project delivery. Sharing his passion for process improvement, technology, and project delivery to a broader audience, Greg has presented his methodologies for a Lean Architecture at over a dozen regional and national industry events since 2013. Greg currently serves as Vice Chair for the BIMForum's 2021 Lean taskforce.