'The authors of this pathbreaking volume show how key operational code beliefs regarding the exercise of power vary across MENA leaders with the same ideology and between groups with different ideologies to account for their distinct foreign policy decisions and approaches to important regional and global issues in world politics.' Stephen G. Walker, Arizona State University
1. Political ideology and foreign policy decision-making in the Middle East and North Africa: an operational code approach; 2. Political Islam and Sunni ideology: Muslim Brotherhood leadership; 3. Political Islam and Shia ideology: Iranian and Iraqi leadership; 4. Secularist leaders in the Levant: Syrian, Israeli and Lebanese leadership; 5. Armed non-state actors' foreign policy: PKK, PYD, Hezbollah, and ISIS leaders in the Middle East and North Africa; 6. Leaders, foreign policy decision-making, and international relations; 7. Policy implications and future research; References; Index.