Lava Flows and Domes: Emplacement Mechanisms and Hazard Implications

ISBN-13: 9783642743818 / Angielski / Miękka / 2011 / 249 str.

Jonathan H. Fink

Opis

This collection of papers is based on a symposium held in 1987 at the Interna tional Union of Geology and Geodesy Congress in Vancouver, British Colum bia. The Symposium was planned as a follow-up to a session at the 1984 Geo logical Society of America Annual Meeting in Reno, Nevada, which dealt with the emplacement of silicic lava domes. In both cases, emphasis was placed on the physical and mechanical rather than chemical aspects of lava flow. The IUGG Symposium consisted of two lecture sessions, a poster session, and two discussion periods, and had 22 participants. The contributions to this volume are all based on papers presented in the various parts of the Sym posium. The motivation for studying lava flow mechanics is both practical and scientific. Scientists and government agencies seek to more effectively predict the hazards associated with active lavas. Recovering mineral resources found in lava flows and domes also requires an understanding of their emplacement. From a more theoretical standpoint, petrologists view lava studies as a way to directly observe the rheologic consequences of mixing crystals, bubbles, and solid blocks of country rock with silicate liquids. This information can then be used to constrain processes occurring in the concealed conduits, dikes, and chambers that feed flows and domes on the surface."

Spis treści

Silicic Lava Domes.- Regularities in Growth of the Mount St. Helens Dacite Dome 1980–1986.- The Development and Distribution of Surface Textures at the Mount St. Helens Dome.- Lava Domes Modeled as Brittle Shells that Enclose Pressurized Magma, with Application to Mount St. Helens.- A Model for Dome Eruptions at Mount St. Helens, Washington Based on Subcritical Crack Growth.- Viscoplastic Models of Lava Domes.- Mafic Lava Flow.- Surfaces of Aa Flow-Fields on Mount Etna, Sicily: Morphology, Rheology, Crystallization and Scaling Phenomena.- Longitudinal Variations in Rheological Properties of Lavas: Puu Oo Basalt Flows, Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii.- Numerical Simulation of Lava Flows on Some Volcanoes in Japan.- On the Mechanisms of Lava Flow Emplacement and Volcano Growth: Arenal, Costa Rica.